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Minerals Arranged by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
See Help on X-Ray Diffraction.
Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials. This data is represented in a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the three most intense D values in the form of tables of interplanar spacings (D), relative intensities (I/Io), mineral name and chemical formulae
The XRD technique takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample in a holder, then the sample is illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length and the intensity of the reflected radiation is recorded using a goniometer. This data is then analyzed for the reflection angle to calculate the inter-atomic spacing (D value in Angstrom units - 10-8 cm). The intensity(I) is measured to discriminate (using I ratios) the various D spacings and the results are compared to this table to identify possible matches. Note: 2 theta (Θ) angle calculated from the Bragg Equation, 2 Θ = 2(arcsin(n λ/(2d)) where n=1;
For more information about this technique, see X-Ray Analysis of a Solid or take an internet course at Birkbeck College On-line Courses. Many thanks to Frederic Biret for these data.
|
Selected X-Ray λ |
Change X-Ray λ |
D1 Å |
D2 Å |
D3 Å |
Tolerance % |
Elements |
|---|
[ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ]
| D1 Å (2θ) |
I1 %) |
D2 Å (2θ) |
I2 (%) |
D3 Å (2θ) |
I3 (%) |
Mineral | Formula |
| 3.012(29.63) | 100 | 2.965(30.12) | 80 | 3.945(22.52) | 60 | Perroudite | Hg5-xAg4+xS5-x(Cl,I,Br)4+x |
| 3.012(29.63) | 100 | 2.693(33.24) | 100 | 2.372(37.90) | 80 | Staurolite | (Fe++,Mg)2Al9(Si,Al)4O20(O,OH)4 |
| 3.014(29.61) | 100 | 2.827(31.62) | 100 | 1.854(49.10) | 100 | Saryarkite-(Y) | Ca(Y,Th)Al5(SiO4)2(PO4,SO4)2(OH)7•6(H2O) |
| 3.014(29.61) | 100 | 2.820(31.70) | 65 | 3.019(29.56) | 51 | Omongwaite | Na2Ca5(SO4)6•3H2O |
| 3.014(29.61) | 100 | 3.150(28.31) | 19 | 2.784(32.12) | 18 | Riversideite | Ca5Si6O16(OH)2•2(H2O) |
| 3.015(29.60) | 100 | 1.846(49.32) | 59 | 1.574(58.60) | 47 | Fluornatromicrolite | (Na,Ca,Bi)2Ta2O6F |
| 3.015(29.60) | 100 | 3.860(23.02) | 35 | 2.656(33.72) | 35 | Norsethite | BaMg(CO3)2 |
| 3.015(29.60) | 100 | 3.338(26.68) | 100 | 3.234(27.56) | 100 | Olsacherite | Pb2(SeO4)(SO4) |
| 3.015(29.60) | 100 | 5.720(15.48) | 95 | 3.800(23.39) | 72 | Cobaltomenite | CoSeO3•2(H2O) |
| 3.015(29.60) | 100 | 3.234(27.56) | 100 | 3.338(26.68) | 100 | Olsacherite | Pb2(SeO4)(SO4) |
| 3.015(29.60) | 100 | 2.656(33.72) | 35 | 3.860(23.02) | 35 | Norsethite | BaMg(CO3)2 |
| 3.016(29.59) | 100 | 3.811(23.32) | 78 | 3.315(26.87) | 48 | Krieselite | (Al,Ga)2(Ge,C)O4 (OH)2 |
| 3.017(29.58) | 100 | 2.534(35.39) | 75 | 7.620(11.60) | 45 | Esperite | PbCa3Zn4(SiO4)4 |
| 3.018(29.57) | 100 | 3.574(24.89) | 75 | 5.580(15.87) | 70 | Namibite | Cu++Bi2(VO4)O2 |
| 3.018(29.57) | 100 | 2.920(30.59) | 83 | 2.882(31.00) | 52 | Dmitryivanovite | CaAl2O4 |
| 3.019(29.56) | 100 | 2.698(33.18) | 55 | 3.208(27.79) | 43 | Arrojadite-(PbFe) | PbFe++Na2Ca(Fe++,Mn,Mg)13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH,F)2 |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 2.400(37.44) | 100 | 1.945(46.66) | 100 | Chvilevaite | Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)2S2 |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 1.508(61.43) | 100 | 1.793(50.88) | 70 | Calciotantite | Ca(Ta,Nb)4O11 |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 2.810(31.82) | 80 | 2.130(42.40) | 80 | Ningyoite | (U,Ca,Ce)2(PO4)2•1-2(H2O) |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 2.810(31.82) | 60 | 1.506(61.52) | 60 | Nagyagite | AuPb(Sb,Bi)Te2-3S6 |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 1.861(48.90) | 90 | 1.581(58.31) | 90 | Plumbopyrochlore | (Pb,Y,U,Ca)2-xNb2O6(OH) |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 2.610(34.33) | 70 | 1.850(49.21) | 70 | Stetefeldtite | Ag2Sb2O6(O,OH) |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 2.070(43.69) | 90 | 2.000(45.30) | 90 | Garrelsite-VIII | Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4 |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 4.400(20.16) | 80 | 2.830(31.59) | 80 | Rhabdophane-(La) | (La,Ce)PO4•(H2O) |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 3.090(28.87) | 25 | Yttropyrochlore-(Y) | (Y,Na,Ca,U)1-2(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH)7 |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 2.900(30.81) | 100 | 3.210(27.77) | 80 | Pigeonite | (Mg,Fe++,Ca)(Mg,Fe++)Si2O6 |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 2.856(31.29) | 100 | 10.110(8.74) | 85 | Iquiqueite | K3Na4Mg(Cr++++++O4)B24O39(OH)•12(H2O) |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 2.630(34.06) | 100 | 3.190(27.95) | 100 | Isokite | CaMg(PO4)F |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 5.840(15.16) | 80 | 3.550(25.06) | 80 | Arsenogorceixite | BaAl3AsO3(OH)(AsO4,PO4)(OH,F)6 |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 2.130(42.40) | 80 | 2.810(31.82) | 80 | Ningyoite | (U,Ca,Ce)2(PO4)2•1-2(H2O) |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 2.537(35.35) | 80 | 2.960(30.17) | 40 | Petedunnite | Ca(Zn,Mn++,Fe++,Mg)Si2O6 |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 1.863(48.85) | 50 | 2.660(33.67) | 40 | Canfieldite | Ag8SnS6 |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 1.850(49.21) | 70 | 2.610(34.33) | 70 | Stetefeldtite | Ag2Sb2O6(O,OH) |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 2.778(32.20) | 90 | 1.556(59.34) | 80 | Natrotantite | Na2Ta4O11 |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 1.581(58.31) | 90 | 1.861(48.90) | 90 | Plumbopyrochlore | (Pb,Y,U,Ca)2-xNb2O6(OH) |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 2.830(31.59) | 80 | 4.400(20.16) | 80 | Rhabdophane-(La) | (La,Ce)PO4•(H2O) |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 2.000(45.30) | 90 | 2.070(43.69) | 90 | Garrelsite-VIII | Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4 |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 2.991(29.85) | 80 | 3.204(27.82) | 55 | Scawtite | Ca7Si6(CO3)O18•2(H2O) |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 1.506(61.52) | 60 | 2.810(31.82) | 60 | Nagyagite | AuPb(Sb,Bi)Te2-3S6 |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 3.030(29.45) | 60 | 2.592(34.58) | 28 | Nagashimalite | Ba4(V+++,Ti)4Si8B2O27Cl(O,OH)2 |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 3.550(25.06) | 80 | 5.840(15.16) | 80 | Arsenogorceixite | BaAl3AsO3(OH)(AsO4,PO4)(OH,F)6 |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 5.820(15.21) | 90 | 3.560(24.99) | 80 | Philipsbornite | PbAl3(AsO4)2(OH)5•(H2O) |
| 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 5.910(14.98) | 90 | 2.870(31.14) | 80 | Umbite | K2ZrSi3O9•(H2O) |
| 3.022(29.53) | 100 | 3.510(25.35) | 100 | 2.615(34.26) | 90 | Davanite | K2TiSi6O15 |
| 3.022(29.53) | 100 | 4.340(20.45) | 50 | 2.205(40.89) | 30 | Ikunolite | Bi4(S,Se)3 |
| 3.023(29.52) | 100 | 5.040(17.58) | 93 | 2.996(29.80) | 50 | Ammonioalunite | (NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 3.024(29.51) | 100 | 1.852(49.15) | 80 | 1.581(58.31) | 70 | Sinnerite | Cu6As4S9 |
| 3.024(29.51) | 100 | 4.420(20.07) | 91 | 3.493(25.48) | 88 | Ximengite | BiPO4 |
| 3.025(29.50) | 100 | 3.206(27.80) | 100 | 2.798(31.96) | 50 | Fergusonite-beta-(Nd) | (Nd,Ce)NbO4 |
| 3.027(29.48) | 100 | 2.192(41.15) | 100 | 2.088(43.30) | 80 | Stumpflite | Pt(Sb,Bi) |
| 3.027(29.48) | 100 | 2.809(31.83) | 100 | 3.108(28.70) | 100 | Calciocopiapite | CaFe+++4(SO4)6(OH)2•19(H2O) |
| 3.028(29.47) | 100 | 2.050(44.14) | 73 | 2.711(33.01) | 66 | Trembathite | (Mg,Fe++)3B7O13Cl |
| 3.028(29.47) | 100 | 2.881(31.02) | 100 | 3.189(27.96) | 58 | Rustumite | Ca10(Si2O7)2(SiO4)Cl2(OH)2 |
| 3.029(29.46) | 100 | 2.780(32.17) | 90 | 3.082(28.95) | 90 | Irtyshite | Na2(Ta,Nb)4O11 |
| 3.029(29.46) | 100 | 3.082(28.95) | 90 | 2.780(32.17) | 90 | Irtyshite | Na2(Ta,Nb)4O11 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.429(36.98) | 90 | 2.585(34.67) | 90 | Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe++,Mg,Fe+++)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2•4(H2O) |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 3.350(26.59) | 80 | 3.230(27.59) | 80 | Clinoferrosilite | (Fe++,Mg)2Si2O6 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 3.360(26.51) | 75 | 3.250(27.42) | 75 | Kerstenite | PbSeO4 (?) |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.800(31.94) | 70 | 2.470(36.34) | 70 | Billingsleyite | Ag7AsS6 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.429(36.98) | 90 | 1.549(59.64) | 90 | Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe++,Mg,Fe+++)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2•4(H2O) |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.969(30.07) | 70 | 2.935(30.43) | 60 | Morelandite | (Ba,Ca,Pb)5(AsO4,PO4)3Cl |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 4.370(20.30) | 70 | 2.830(31.59) | 70 | Brockite | (Ca,Th,Ce)(PO4)•(H2O) |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 3.550(25.06) | 70 | 2.460(36.49) | 70 | Fenaksite | (K,Na,Ca)4(Fe++,Fe+++,Mn)2Si8O20(OH,F) |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 1.858(48.99) | 90 | 2.628(34.09) | 80 | Natrobistantite | (Na,Cs)Bi(Ta,Nb,Sb)4O12 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.960(30.17) | 100 | 1.550(59.60) | 60 | Nioboaeschynite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)(Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.974(30.02) | 100 | 4.821(18.39) | 90 | Vigezzite | (Ca,Ce)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 3.760(23.64) | 100 | 3.350(26.59) | 100 | Laplandite-(Ce) | Na4CeTiPSi7O22•5(H2O) |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 1.510(61.34) | 80 | 1.918(47.36) | 70 | Cooperite | (Pt,Pd,Ni)S |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 3.000(29.76) | 90 | 2.680(33.41) | 80 | Miharaite | Cu4FePbBiS6 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.960(30.17) | 60 | 2.920(30.59) | 50 | Hedyphane | Ca2Pb3(AsO4)3Cl |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.880(31.03) | 90 | 3.350(26.59) | 60 | Finnemanite | Pb5(As+++O3)3Cl |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.830(31.59) | 70 | 4.370(20.30) | 70 | Brockite | (Ca,Th,Ce)(PO4)•(H2O) |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.470(36.34) | 70 | 2.800(31.94) | 70 | Billingsleyite | Ag7AsS6 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.460(36.49) | 70 | 3.550(25.06) | 70 | Fenaksite | (K,Na,Ca)4(Fe++,Fe+++,Mn)2Si8O20(OH,F) |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.311(38.94) | 25 | 1.898(47.89) | 16 | Nitratine | NaNO3 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.290(39.31) | 33 | 1.749(52.26) | 30 | Carlinite | Tl2S |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.230(40.41) | 60 | 1.404(66.55) | 40 | Paraguanajuatite | Bi2(Se,S)3 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.110(42.82) | 70 | 2.940(30.38) | 60 | Krennerite | AuTe2 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.110(42.82) | 80 | 2.940(30.38) | 50 | Muthmannite | AgAuTe2 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 2.100(43.04) | 90 | 2.930(30.48) | 60 | Kostovite | CuAuTe4 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 1.854(49.10) | 80 | 1.591(57.91) | 60 | Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 1.854(49.10) | 80 | 1.591(57.91) | 60 | Kharaelakhite | (Pt,Cu,Pb,Fe,Ni)9S8 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 1.549(59.64) | 90 | 2.429(36.98) | 90 | Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe++,Mg,Fe+++)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2•4(H2O) |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 3.127(28.52) | 88 | 3.236(27.54) | 84 | Sazykinaite-(Y) | Na5YZrSi6018•6(H2O) |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 3.230(27.59) | 80 | 3.350(26.59) | 80 | Clinoferrosilite | (Fe++,Mg)2Si2O6 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 3.760(23.64) | 100 | 7.270(12.16) | 100 | Laplandite-(Ce) | Na4CeTiPSi7O22•5(H2O) |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 7.590(11.65) | 70 | 2.286(39.38) | 25 | Inyoite | Ca2B6O6(OH)10•8(H2O) |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 7.270(12.16) | 100 | 3.760(23.64) | 100 | Laplandite-(Ce) | Na4CeTiPSi7O22•5(H2O) |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 6.040(14.65) | 80 | 3.180(28.04) | 65 | Bariomicrolite | Ba(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 5.860(15.11) | 65 | 2.237(40.28) | 55 | Corkite | PbFe+++3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 3.560(24.99) | 80 | 5.840(15.16) | 70 | Arsenogoyazite | (Sr,Ca,Ba)Al3(AsO4,PO4)2(OH,F)5•(H2O) |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 3.440(25.88) | 100 | 3.780(23.52) | 90 | Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 3.240(27.51) | 80 | 1.865(48.79) | 60 | Lisiguangite | CuPtBiS3 |
| 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 3.250(27.42) | 75 | 3.360(26.51) | 75 | Kerstenite | PbSeO4 (?) |
| 3.031(29.44) | 100 | 3.032(29.43) | 100 | 3.211(27.76) | 47 | Fluorarrojadite-(BaFe) | (Ba,K,Pb)Na3(Ca,Sr)(Fe++,Mg,Mn)14Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(F,OH)2 |
| 3.032(29.43) | 100 | 3.031(29.44) | 100 | 3.211(27.76) | 48 | Fluorarrojadite-(BaFe) | (Ba,K,Pb)Na3(Ca,Sr)(Fe++,Mg,Mn)14Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(F,OH)2 |
| 3.032(29.43) | 100 | 3.619(24.58) | 80 | 2.595(34.53) | 60 | Parafransoletite | Ca3Be2(PO4)2(PO3,OH)2•4(H2O) |
| 3.032(29.43) | 100 | 2.703(33.11) | 68 | 3.211(27.76) | 47 | Fluorarrojadite-(BaNa) | BaFe++Na2Ca(Fe++,Mn,Mg)13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(F,OH)2 |
| 3.032(29.43) | 100 | 3.510(25.35) | 100 | 8.790(10.05) | 80 | Piretite | Ca(UO2)3(SeO3)2(OH)4-4(H2O) |
| 3.034(29.41) | 100 | 2.715(32.96) | 80 | 2.585(34.67) | 30 | Xenophyllite | Na4Fe7(PO4)6 |
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