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Minerals Arranged by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
See Help on X-Ray Diffraction.
Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials. This data is represented in a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the three most intense D values in the form of tables of interplanar spacings (D), relative intensities (I/Io), mineral name and chemical formulae
The XRD technique takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample in a holder, then the sample is illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length and the intensity of the reflected radiation is recorded using a goniometer. This data is then analyzed for the reflection angle to calculate the inter-atomic spacing (D value in Angstrom units - 10-8 cm). The intensity(I) is measured to discriminate (using I ratios) the various D spacings and the results are compared to this table to identify possible matches. Note: 2 theta (Θ) angle calculated from the Bragg Equation, 2 Θ = 2(arcsin(n λ/(2d)) where n=1;
For more information about this technique, see X-Ray Analysis of a Solid or take an internet course at Birkbeck College On-line Courses. Many thanks to Frederic Biret for these data.
|
Selected X-Ray λ |
Change X-Ray λ |
D1 Å |
D2 Å |
D3 Å |
Tolerance % |
Elements |
|---|
| D1 Å (2θ) |
I1 %) |
D2 Å (2θ) |
I2 (%) |
D3 Å (2θ) |
I3 (%) |
Mineral | Formula |
| 2.699(33.16) | 100 | 2.221(40.59) | 34 | 3.328(26.77) | 30 | Empressite | AgTe |
| 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 2.020(44.83) | 100 | 1.800(50.67) | 100 | Wilkmanite | Ni3Se4 |
| 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 2.400(37.44) | 100 | 2.300(39.13) | 100 | Bornhardtite | Co++Co+++2Se4 |
| 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 2.990(29.86) | 100 | 7.930(11.15) | 100 | Clinoholmquistite | [ ](Li2Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 3.060(29.16) | 100 | 2.830(31.59) | 100 | Saneroite | Na2(Mn++,Fe+++)10Si11V+++++O34(OH)4 |
| 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 2.670(33.54) | 100 | 3.120(28.59) | 100 | Harmotome | (Ba,Na,K)1-2(Si,Al)8O16•6(H2O) |
| 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 8.340(10.60) | 82 | 3.094(28.83) | 67 | Fluoro-alumino-magnesiotaramite | Na(CaNa)(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22F2 |
| 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 5.750(15.40) | 100 | 2.445(36.73) | 90 | Claringbullite | Cu++4(OH)7Cl |
| 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 5.300(16.71) | 100 | 4.080(21.76) | 55 | Kermesite | Sb2S2O |
| 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 3.030(29.45) | 95 | 2.670(33.54) | 79 | Cassidyite | Ca2(Ni,Mg)(PO4)2•2(H2O) |
| 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 3.060(29.16) | 100 | Saneroite | Na2(Mn++,Fe+++)10Si11V+++++O34(OH)4 |
| 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 2.530(35.45) | 90 | 8.400(10.52) | 90 | Winchite | [ ](CaNa)Mg4(Al,Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 2.015(44.95) | 80 | 1.806(50.49) | 60 | Sederholmite | NiSe |
| 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 1.910(47.57) | 50 | 2.720(32.90) | 40 | Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 8.400(10.52) | 90 | 2.530(35.45) | 90 | Winchite | [ ](CaNa)Mg4(Al,Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 2.701(33.14) | 100 | 8.344(10.59) | 98 | 3.392(26.25) | 74 | Ferriwhittakerite | Na(NaLi)(Mg2Fe+++2Li)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 2.701(33.14) | 100 | 2.646(33.85) | 65 | 2.667(33.57) | 60 | Spurrite | Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) |
| 2.702(33.13) | 100 | 3.150(28.31) | 80 | 1.887(48.18) | 80 | Trechmannite | AgAsS2 |
| 2.702(33.13) | 100 | 1.887(48.18) | 80 | 3.150(28.31) | 80 | Trechmannite | AgAsS2 |
| 2.702(33.13) | 100 | 1.651(55.62) | 30 | 2.350(38.27) | 15 | Abswurmbachite | Cu++Mn+++6SiO12 |
| 2.702(33.13) | 100 | 3.499(25.43) | 100 | 4.644(19.10) | 55 | Pucherite | BiVO4 |
| 2.703(33.11) | 100 | 6.240(14.18) | 70 | 3.085(28.92) | 55 | Ferroalluaudite | NaCaFe++(Fe++,Mn,Fe+++,Mg)2(PO4)3 |
| 2.703(33.11) | 100 | 2.876(31.07) | 90 | 2.789(32.07) | 80 | Heneuite | CaMg5(PO4)3(CO3)(OH) |
| 2.704(33.10) | 100 | 4.393(20.20) | 90 | 5.060(17.51) | 90 | Orientite | Ca2Mn++Mn+++2Si3O10(OH)4 |
| 2.704(33.10) | 100 | 5.060(17.51) | 90 | 4.393(20.20) | 90 | Orientite | Ca2Mn++Mn+++2Si3O10(OH)4 |
| 2.706(33.08) | 100 | 2.446(36.71) | 80 | 8.110(10.90) | 70 | Lesukite | Al2(OH)5Cl•2(H2O) |
| 2.708(33.05) | 100 | 2.172(41.54) | 100 | 2.648(33.82) | 90 | Crawfordite | Na3Sr(PO4)(CO3) |
| 2.708(33.05) | 100 | 3.123(28.56) | 75 | 3.386(26.30) | 67 | Parvo-mangano-edenite | Na(CaMn)2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| 2.709(33.04) | 100 | 2.839(31.49) | 85 | 7.280(12.15) | 70 | Ilvaite | CaFe++2Fe+++Si2O7O(OH) |
| 2.709(33.04) | 100 | 2.419(37.14) | 80 | 1.758(51.97) | 80 | Viaeneite | (Fe,Pb)4S8O |
| 2.709(33.04) | 100 | 1.758(51.97) | 80 | 2.419(37.14) | 80 | Viaeneite | (Fe,Pb)4S8O |
| 2.709(33.04) | 100 | 5.050(17.55) | 80 | 1.689(54.27) | 70 | Natisite | Na2(TiO)SiO4 |
| 2.710(33.03) | 100 | 2.220(40.60) | 100 | 2.290(39.31) | 80 | Marokite | CaMn+++2O4 |
| 2.710(33.03) | 100 | 1.620(56.78) | 100 | 3.030(29.45) | 80 | Hibschite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x(x=0.2-1.5) |
| 2.710(33.03) | 100 | 4.250(20.88) | 70 | 3.190(27.95) | 70 | Gismondine | Ca2Al4Si4O16•9(H2O) |
| 2.710(33.03) | 100 | 2.960(30.17) | 95 | 3.090(28.87) | 95 | Matsubaraite | Sr4TiTi4Si4O22 |
| 2.710(33.03) | 100 | 3.170(28.13) | 100 | 3.140(28.40) | 100 | Chevkinite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Ca,Th)4(Fe++,Mg)2(Ti,Fe+++)3Si4O22 |
| 2.710(33.03) | 100 | 2.420(37.12) | 100 | 2.850(31.36) | 80 | Crednerite | CuMnO2 |
| 2.710(33.03) | 100 | 3.190(27.95) | 70 | 4.250(20.88) | 70 | Gismondine | Ca2Al4Si4O16•9(H2O) |
| 2.710(33.03) | 100 | 3.140(28.40) | 100 | 3.170(28.13) | 100 | Chevkinite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Ca,Th)4(Fe++,Mg)2(Ti,Fe+++)3Si4O22 |
| 2.710(33.03) | 100 | 2.960(30.17) | 95 | 1.950(46.53) | 95 | Matsubaraite | Sr4TiTi4Si4O22 |
| 2.710(33.03) | 100 | 3.090(28.87) | 80 | 7.910(11.18) | 70 | Scheuchzerite | Na(Mn,Mg)9[VSi9O28(OH)](OH)3 |
| 2.710(33.03) | 100 | 3.010(29.65) | 90 | 4.130(21.50) | 80 | Galileiite | NaFe++4(PO4)3 |
| 2.710(33.03) | 100 | 2.760(32.41) | 100 | 3.900(22.78) | 60 | Hematophanite | Pb4Fe+++3O8(OH,Cl) |
| 2.710(33.03) | 100 | 2.536(35.36) | 92 | 3.404(26.16) | 57 | Fluoro-ferroleakeite | NaNa2(Fe++2Fe+++2Li)Si8O22F2 |
| 2.710(33.03) | 100 | 1.950(46.53) | 95 | 2.960(30.17) | 95 | Matsubaraite | Sr4TiTi4Si4O22 |
| 2.710(33.03) | 100 | 1.760(51.91) | 63 | 3.440(25.88) | 40 | Marcasite | FeS2 |
| 2.712(33.00) | 100 | 2.590(34.60) | 90 | 6.940(12.74) | 40 | Uytenbogaardtite | Ag3AuS2 |
| 2.712(33.00) | 100 | 3.035(29.40) | 80 | 2.475(36.27) | 60 | Schorlomite | Ca3(Ti,Fe+++,Al)2[(Si,Fe+++,Fe++)O4]3 |
| 2.712(33.00) | 100 | 3.023(29.52) | 90 | 2.477(36.24) | 80 | Krutaite | CuSe2 |
| 2.712(33.00) | 100 | 2.349(38.28) | 88 | 1.661(55.26) | 43 | Monteponite | CdO |
| 2.713(32.99) | 100 | 8.395(10.53) | 80 | 3.395(26.23) | 62 | Parvo-manganotremolite | [ ](CaMn)2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| 2.713(32.99) | 100 | 3.113(28.65) | 80 | 8.395(10.53) | 62 | Parvo-manganotremolite | [ ](CaMn)2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| 2.713(32.99) | 100 | 1.699(53.92) | 85 | 2.477(36.24) | 80 | Karelianite | V2O3 |
| 2.714(32.98) | 100 | 2.882(31.00) | 94 | 4.550(19.49) | 63 | Pyrocoproite | (Mg(K,Na))2P2O7 |
| 2.714(32.98) | 100 | 3.120(28.59) | 90 | 2.502(35.86) | 80 | Glaucophane | [ ]Na2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 2.714(32.98) | 100 | 3.610(24.64) | 90 | 5.430(16.31) | 80 | Clinobehoite | Be(OH)2 |
| 2.714(32.98) | 100 | 8.400(10.52) | 80 | 2.562(34.99) | 70 | Potassic-chloropargasite | (K,Na)Ca2(Mg,Fe2+)4Al(Si6Al2O22)(Cl,OH)2 |
| 2.714(32.98) | 100 | 8.360(10.57) | 76 | 3.100(28.77) | 66 | Parvowinchite | Na(NaMn++)(Mg4Fe+++)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 2.714(32.98) | 100 | 6.770(13.07) | 80 | 2.674(33.48) | 75 | Balangeroite | (Mg,Fe+++,Fe++,Mn++)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| 2.715(32.96) | 100 | 1.983(45.72) | 50 | 1.859(48.96) | 50 | Sudovikovite | PtSe2 |
| 2.715(32.96) | 100 | 1.859(48.96) | 50 | 1.983(45.72) | 50 | Sudovikovite | PtSe2 |
| 2.715(32.96) | 100 | 2.298(39.17) | 36 | 1.683(54.48) | 24 | Indium | In |
| 2.715(32.96) | 100 | 2.730(32.78) | 50 | 3.494(25.47) | 47 | IMA2008-064 | Na16Mn++25Al8(PO4)30 |
| 2.715(32.96) | 100 | 3.180(28.04) | 50 | 2.160(41.78) | 45 | Polyakovite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Nd,Pr,Ca)4(Mg,Fe++)(Cr,Fe+++)2(Ti,Nb)2Si4O22 |
| 2.715(32.96) | 100 | 3.510(25.35) | 80 | 1.840(49.50) | 50 | Retzian-(La) | (Mn,Mg)2(La,Ce,Nd)(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 2.717(32.94) | 100 | 3.553(25.04) | 80 | 1.848(49.27) | 50 | Retzian-(Ce) | Mn2Ce(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 2.717(32.94) | 100 | 2.811(31.81) | 80 | 2.261(39.84) | 35 | Carbonate-hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH) |
| 2.717(32.94) | 100 | 2.757(32.45) | 100 | 4.040(21.98) | 80 | Soucekite | PbCuBi(S,Se)3 |
| 2.718(32.93) | 100 | 1.896(47.94) | 50 | 1.955(46.41) | 50 | Verbeekite | PdSe2 |
| 2.718(32.93) | 100 | 2.497(35.94) | 90 | 3.530(25.21) | 90 | Bideauxite | Pb2AgCl3(F,OH)2 |
| 2.718(32.93) | 100 | 2.848(31.38) | 90 | 2.875(31.08) | 85 | Manganilvaite | CaFe++Fe+++(Mn,Fe++)(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| 2.718(32.93) | 100 | 3.530(25.21) | 90 | 2.497(35.94) | 90 | Bideauxite | Pb2AgCl3(F,OH)2 |
| 2.718(32.93) | 100 | 1.955(46.41) | 50 | 1.896(47.94) | 50 | Verbeekite | PdSe2 |
| 2.719(32.91) | 100 | 4.110(21.60) | 100 | 1.817(50.17) | 80 | Gmelinite-K | (K,Na,Ca)6(Al7Si17O48)•22(H2O) |
| 2.719(32.91) | 100 | 1.817(50.17) | 100 | 2.852(31.34) | 80 | Gmelinite-K | (K,Na,Ca)6(Al7Si17O48)•22(H2O) |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 1.657(55.40) | 90 | 1.421(65.65) | 80 | Bixbyite | (Mn+++,Fe+++)2O3 |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 1.656(55.44) | 70 | 2.140(42.19) | 50 | Braunite-II | Mn++Mn+++6SiO12 |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 9.000(9.82) | 90 | 8.280(10.68) | 90 | Manganocummingtonite | Na(Na,Mn)2(Mg4,Fe+++)5Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 1.120(86.90) | 100 | 5.440(16.28) | 100 | Arsenolamprite | As |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 1.827(49.87) | 90 | 2.450(36.65) | 80 | Glaucodot | (Co,Fe)AsS |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 3.790(23.45) | 90 | 1.910(47.57) | 80 | Buchwaldite | NaCaPO4 |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 3.850(23.08) | 80 | 1.749(52.26) | 70 | Seligmannite | PbCuAsS3 |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 8.280(10.68) | 90 | 9.000(9.82) | 90 | Manganocummingtonite | Na(Na,Mn)2(Mg4,Fe+++)5Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 8.420(10.50) | 100 | 3.090(28.87) | 80 | Riebeckite | [ ]Na2(Fe++3Fe+++2)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 8.480(10.42) | 81 | 2.610(34.33) | 59 | Potassic-ferropargasite | KCa2(Fe++4Al)Si6Al2O22(OH)2 |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 8.900(9.93) | 100 | 3.290(27.08) | 90 | Kolfanite | Ca2Fe+++3O2(AsO4)3•2(H2O) |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 3.180(28.04) | 80 | 4.480(19.80) | 70 | Rankinite | Ca3Si2O7 |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 3.039(29.37) | 72 | 1.626(56.55) | 56 | Morimotoite | Ca3TiFe++Si3O12 |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 1.656(55.44) | 70 | 2.140(42.19) | 50 | Braunite-I | Mn++Mn+++6SiO12 |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 2.600(34.47) | 80 | 3.720(23.90) | 70 | Natrophilite | NaMnPO4 |
| 2.720(32.90) | 100 | 2.780(32.17) | 100 | 3.060(29.16) | 80 | Tundrite-(Ce) | Na2Ce2TiO2(SiO4)(CO3)2 |
| 2.722(32.88) | 100 | 2.760(32.41) | 80 | 2.874(31.09) | 40 | Maoniupingite-(Ce) | (REE,Ca)4(Fe+++,Ti,Fe++,[ ])(Ti,Fe+++,Fe++,Nb)4Si4O22 |
| 2.722(32.88) | 100 | 2.187(41.24) | 80 | 3.395(26.23) | 50 | IMA2007-010 | PbHgAs2S6 |
| 2.722(32.88) | 100 | 2.218(40.64) | 70 | 2.527(35.49) | 55 | Geikielite | MgTiO3 |
| 2.722(32.88) | 100 | 3.490(25.50) | 80 | 2.760(32.41) | 40 | Maoniupingite-(Ce) | (REE,Ca)4(Fe+++,Ti,Fe++,[ ])(Ti,Fe+++,Fe++,Nb)4Si4O22 |
| 2.722(32.88) | 100 | 8.672(10.19) | 80 | 2.187(41.24) | 50 | IMA2007-010 | PbHgAs2S6 |
| 2.722(32.88) | 100 | 4.220(21.03) | 90 | 3.141(28.39) | 80 | Amicite | K2Na2Al4Si4O16•5(H2O) |
| 2.723(32.86) | 100 | 2.992(29.84) | 90 | 3.110(28.68) | 80 | Prosperite | CaZn2(AsO4)2•(H2O) |
| 2.723(32.86) | 100 | 2.779(32.18) | 40 | 1.664(55.15) | 40 | Stavelotite-(La) | La3Mn++3Cu++(Mn+++,Fe+++,Mn++++)26(Si2O7)6O30 |