Thorogummite Mineral Data

Thorogummite Mineral Data +

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General Thorogummite Information

Chemical Formula:

Th(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x

Composition:

Molecular Weight = 321.72 gm

Thorium 72.13 % Th 82.07 % ThO₂

Silicon 7.86 % Si 16.81 % SiO₂

Hydrogen 0.13 % H 1.12 % H₂O

Oxygen 19.89 % O

______ ______

100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE

Empirical Formula:

Th(SiO₄)_0.9(OH)_0.4

IMA Status:

Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1889

Locality:

Llano County, Texas, USA. Link to MinDat.org Location Data.

Name Origin:

Named after gummite and the element thorium.

Synonym:

Mackintoshite

Thorogummite Image

Images:

Thorogummite

Comments: Yellow-tan resinous thorogummite with calcite.
Location: Fort Dauphin, Toliara, Madagascar. Scale: See Photo.
© Jeff Weissman / Photographic Guide to Mineral Species

Images:

Thorogummite

Comments: Pale tan to yellowish thorogummite pseudomorphous after thorite in matrix.
Location: Fort Dauphin (T?lanaro) area, Toliara (Tul?ar) Province, Madagascar. Scale: Picture size 5 mm.
© Paul M. Schumacher

Thorogummite Crystallography

Axial Ratios:

a:c = 1:0.88568

Cell Dimensions:

a = 7.068, c = 6.26, Z = 3; V = 312.73 Den(Calc)= 5.12

Crystal System:

Tetragonal - Ditetragonal DipyramidalH-M Symbol (4/m 2/m 2/m) Space Group: I 4₁/amd

$Help on X Ray Diffraction:$ X Ray Diffraction:

By Intensity(I/I_o): 3.537(1), 4.695(0.9), 2.653(0.6),

Physical Properties of Thorogummite

Color:

Brown, Greenish gray, Buff, White, Black.

Density:

5.4

Diaphaniety:

Opaque

Habit:

Massive - Uniformly indistinguishable crystals forming large masses.

Hardness:

5.5 - Knife Blade

Luminescence:

Non-fluorescent.

Luster:

Vitreous - Dull

Optical Properties of Thorogummite

Gladstone-Dale:

CI meas= 0.379 (Poor) - where the CI = (1-KPDmeas/KC)
CI calc= 0.345 (Poor) - where the CI = (1-KPDcalc/KC)
KPDcalc= 0.1152,KPDmeas= 0.1093,KC= 0.1758

Optical Data:

Isotropic, n=1.54-1.64.

Calculated Properties of Thorogummite

Electron Density:

r_electron=4.30 gm/cc
note: r_Thorogummite=5.12 gm/cc.

Fermion Index

Fermion Index = 0.00376
Boson Index = 0.99624

Photoelectric:

PE_Thorogummite=1,808.10 barns/electron
U=PE_Thorogummite x r_electron=7,769.33 barns/cc.

Radioactivity:

GRapi = 1,291,328.70 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units)

Thorogummite is Radioactive as defined in 49 CFR 173.403. Greater than 70 Bq / gram.

Estimated Maximum U.S. Postal Shipping Size (10 mRem/hr limit, Unshielded 10 cm box) 23.55 ± 5.89 grams of pure Thorogummite .
Estimated Maximum U.S. Postal Shipping Size (10 mRem/hr limit, Unshielded 100 cm box) 2355.5 ±588.86 grams of pure Thorogummite .

**Estimated Radioactivity from Thorogummite** - very strong
Specimen Size Weight/Volume (Sphere) *	Calculated Activity Bequerols (Bq)	Calculated Activity Curies (Ci)	Estimated Activity GR(api)	Estimated Exposure (mRem**)/hr If Held in Hand For One Hour
1000 gm / 7.20 cm	32,312,076	8.73E-04	1,291,328.70	424.55
100 gm / 3.34 cm	3,231,208	8.73E-05	129,132.87	42.45
10 gm / 1.55 cm	323,121	8.73E-06	12,913.29	4.25
1 gm / 7.20 mm	32,312	8.73E-07	1,291.33	0.42
0.1 gm / 3.34 mm	3,231	8.73E-08	129.13	0.04
0.01 gm / 1.55 mm	323	8.73E-09	12.91	0.00
0.001 gm / 0.72 mm	32	8.73E-10	1.29	0.00

Weight of pure Thorogummite in grams (gm) and Calculated Diameter of a Sphere with a Density of 5.12 gm/cc.*
Goverment Estimate of Average Annual Exposure ( 360 mRem) **
Note: 10 microsieverts/hr = 1 mRem/hr **
Max Permissable Adult Dose 50,000 mRem/yr (hands), 15,000 mRem/yr (eyes)
Lethal Dose LD(50) Exposure 400,000 to 500,000 mRem

Thorogummite Classification

Dana Class:

51.5.2.5 (51)Nesosilicate Insular SiO4 Groups Only

(51.5)with cations in >[6] coordination

(51.5.2)Zircon group

51.5.2.1 Zircon ZrSiO4 I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

51.5.2.2 Hafnon HfSiO4 I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

51.5.2.3 Thorite ThSiO4 I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

51.5.2.4 Coffinite U(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

51.5.2.5 Thorogummite Th(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

Strunz Class:

VIII/A.09-50 VIII - Silicates

VIII/A - Nesosilicates with [SiO4]4-groups, cations of octahedral and cubic orientation [8+6]

VIII/A.09 - Zircon - Thorogummite series

VIII/A.09-05 Reidite! ZrSiO4 I 4₁/a 4/m

VIII/A.09-10 Zircon ZrSiO4 I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

VIII/A.09-20 Hafnon HfSiO4 I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

VIII/A.09-30 Thorite ThSiO4 I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

VIII/A.09-40 Coffinite U(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

VIII/A.09-50 Thorogummite Th(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

Other Thorogummite Information

References:

NAME( Ford32) PHYS. PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) OPTIC PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990)

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Thorogummite

Th(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x
Dana No: 51.5.2.5 Strunz No: VIII/A.09-50
Locality:

Notes: