Kainosite-(Y) Mineral Data

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General Kainosite-(Y) Information

Chemical Formula:

Ca2(Y,Ce)2Si4O12(CO3)•(H2O)

Composition:

Molecular Weight = 664.14 gm

Calcium 12.07 % Ca 16.89 % CaO

Cerium 10.55 % Ce 12.36 % Ce₂O₃

Yttrium 20.08 % Y 25.50 % Y₂O₃

Silicon 16.92 % Si 36.19 % SiO₂

Hydrogen 0.58 % H 5.15 % H₂O

Carbon 1.27 % C 4.64 % CO₂

Oxygen 38.54 % O

______ ______

100.00 % 100.72 % = TOTAL OXIDE

Empirical Formula:

Ca₂Y_1.5Ce_0.5Si₄O₁₂(CO₃)_0.7•1.9(H₂O)

Environment:

In vugs in pegmatites in granites and alkalic complexes.

IMA Status:

Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1886

Locality:

At Igeltjern, on Island of Hiero (Hittero Island), Vest-Agder, Flekkerfjord, Norway. Link to MinDat.org Location Data.

Name Origin:

From the Greek for "unusual", for its rarity and exotic composition.

Name Pronunciation:

Kainosite-(Y) + Pronunciation

Synonym:

Cenosite

ICSD 67039

PDF 14-322

Kainosite-(Y) Image

Images:

Kainosite-(Y)

Comments: Group of reddish brown kainosite-(Y) crystals on fluorite.
Location: Seula mine (ex Montecatini quarry), Mount Camoscio, Oltrefiume, Baveno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy. Scale: Crystal Size 1.6 mm.
© Sergio Varvello / Mineral Service

Images:

Kainosite-(Y) Ferriallanite-(Ce)

Comments: Short prismatic black crystals of ferriallanite-(Ce) in white slightly weathered kainosite-(Y). Orange prisms are zircons of the first generation. Fragment of the holotype specimen.
Location: Neprimetnyi pegmatite, Mount Ulyn Khuren, Khaldzan Buragtag Massif, Altai Mts, Hovd Aimag (Khovd Aimag), Mongolia. Scale: Crystal Size 2 mm.
© Pavel M. Kartashov

Kainosite-(Y) Crystallography

Axial Ratios:

a:b:c =0.9092:1:0.4713

Cell Dimensions:

a = 13.02, b = 14.32, c = 6.75, Z = 4; V = 1,258.51 Den(Calc)= 3.50

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic - DipyramidalH-M Symbol (2/m 2/m 2/m) Space Group: Pmnb

$Help on X Ray Diffraction:$ X Ray Diffraction:

By Intensity(I/I_o): 2.764(1), 6.52(1), 3.29(0.8),

Forms:

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Forms: ( 1 0 1) ( 0 2 1) ( 1 1 0) ( 5 4 0) ( 0 4 3) ( 1 0 0)

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Crystal Structure:

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Giuseppetti G , Tadini C , Oddone M , Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte , 1989 (1989) p.153-164, Cenosite-(Y) from Baveno, Novara (Italy): crystal structure, Locality: Baveno, Novara, Italy

View Additional jPOWD Structure files for Kainosite-(Y)
[1]

Physical Properties of Kainosite-(Y)

Cleavage:

{110} Good

Color:

Brown, Colorless, Green yellow, Yellow, Light yellow brown.

Density:

3.4 - 3.6, Average = 3.5

Diaphaneity:

Transparent to translucent

Fracture:

Brittle - Uneven - Very brittle fracture producing uneven fragments.

Habit:

Prismatic - Crystals Shaped like Slender Prisms (e.g. tourmaline).

Habit:

Wheat Sheaf - Bundle shaped aggregates resembling wheat sheafs after hand reaping wheat.

Hardness:

5-6 - Between Apatite and Orthoclase

Luminescence:

Non-fluorescent.

Luster:

Vitreous - Resinous

Streak:

white

Optical Properties of Kainosite-(Y)

Gladstone-Dale:

CI meas= 0.025 (Excellent) - where the CI = (1-KPDmeas/KC)
CI calc= 0.025 (Excellent) - where the CI = (1-KPDcalc/KC)
KPDcalc= 0.1941,KPDmeas= 0.1941,KC= 0.1992
Ncalc = 1.68 - 1.72

Optical Data:

Biaxial (-), a=1.662-1.665, b=1.682-1.689, g=1.687-1.692, bire=0.0250-0.0270, 2V(Calc)=38-52, 2V(Meas)=40. Dispersion strong, r < v.

Calculated Properties of Kainosite-(Y)

Electron Density:

Bulk Density (Electron Density)=3.37 gm/cc
note: Specific Gravity of Kainosite-(Y) =3.50 gm/cc.

Fermion Index:

Fermion Index = 0.0083875316
Boson Index = 0.9916124684

Photoelectric:

PE_{Kainosite-(Y)}= 77.34 barns/electron
U=PE_{Kainosite-(Y)} x r_electron= 260.46 barns/cc.

Radioactivity:

GRapi = 10,825.85 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units)
Concentration of Kainosite-(Y) per GRapi unit = 92.37 (PPM)

Kainosite-(Y) is Radioactive as defined in 49 CFR 173.403. Greater than 70 Bq / gram.

**Estimated Radioactivity from Kainosite-(Y)** - weak
Specimen Size Weight/Volume (Sphere) *	Calculated Activity Bequerols (Bq)	Calculated Activity Curies (Ci)	Estimated Activity GR(api)	Estimated Exposure (mRem**)/hr If Held in Hand For One Hour
1000 gm / 8.17 cm	236,288	6.39E-06	10,825.85	3.56
100 gm / 3.79 cm	23,629	6.39E-07	1,082.58	0.36
10 gm / 1.76 cm	2,363	6.39E-08	108.26	0.04
1 gm / 8.17 mm	236	6.39E-09	10.83	0.00
0.1 gm / 3.79 mm	24	6.39E-10	1.08	0.00
0.01 gm / 1.76 mm	2	6.39E-11	0.11	0.00
0.001 gm / 0.82 mm	0	6.39E-12	0.01	0.00

Weight of pure Kainosite-(Y) in grams (gm) and Calculated Diameter of a Sphere with a Density of 3.50 gm/cc.*
Goverment Estimate of Average Annual Exposure ( 360 mRem) **
Note: 10 microsieverts/hr = 1 mRem/hr **
Max Permissable Adult Dose 50,000 mRem/yr (hands), 15,000 mRem/yr (eyes)
Lethal Dose LD(50) Exposure 400,000 to 500,000 mRem
Estimated Thorium Activity ( 0.53 % Th) From Sum REE Elements (10.55 % REE)

Kainosite-(Y) Classification

Dana Class:

60.02.01.01 (60)Cyclosilicate Four-Membered Rings

(60.02)with other anion groups

(60.02.01)Dana Group

60.02.01.01 Kainosite-(Y) Ca2(Y,Ce)2Si4O12(CO3)•(H2O) Pmnb 2/m 2/m 2/m

Strunz Class:

09.CF.10 09 - SILICATES (Germanates)

09.C - Cyclosilicates

09.CF -[Si4O12]8- 4-membered single rings, with insular complex anions

09.CF.10 Kainosite-(Y) Ca2(Y,Ce)2Si4O12(CO3)•(H2O) Pmnb 2/m 2/m 2/m

Other Kainosite-(Y) Information

References:

NAME( AntBidBlaNic2) PHYS. PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) OPTIC PROP.(AntBidBlaNic2)

See Also:

Links to other databases for Kainosite-(Y) :
1 - Alkali-Nuts(English)
2 - Alkali-Nuts(Francais)
3 - Am. Min. Crystal Structure Database
4 - Athena
5 - GeoScienceWorld
6 - Google Images
7 - Google Scholar
8 - Handbook of Mineralogy (UofA)
9 - MinDAT
10 - Mineralienatlas (Deutsch)
11 - Online Mineral Museum
12 - QUT Mineral Atlas
13 - Ruff.Info
14 - WWW-MINCRYST

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Kainosite-(Y)

Ca2(Y,Ce)2Si4O12(CO3)•(H2O)
Dana No: 60.02.01.01 Strunz No: 09.CF.10
Locality:

Notes: