General Ice Information
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Chemical Formula: |
H2O |
Composition: |
Molecular Weight = 18.02 gm |
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Hydrogen 11.19 % H 100.00 % H2O |
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Oxygen 88.81 % O |
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______ ______ |
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100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE |
Empirical Formula: |
·(H2O) |
Environment: |
Cold weather as snow crystals, coating ponds, glaciers, and icebergs. |
IMA Status: |
Valid Species (Pre-IMA) Prehistoric |
Locality: |
World wide. Link to MinDat.org Location Data. |
Name Origin: |
From the Middle English "is" or "iis", related to the Dutch "ijs" and German "eis". |
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Ice Image |
Images:
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Ice
Comments: White to clear crystals of ice formed on a window at -15 Deg. C.
Location: Minot, North Dakota, USA.
Scale: Picture Size 30 cm.
© Dave Barthelmy |
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Images:
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Ice
Comments: Classic snowflake (stellar dendrite ice crystal) formed from vapor-rich air between -10 to -22 deg C. Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscope (LT-SEM) image with inset light microscope image.
Location: Unknown.
Scale: Picture size 0.25 mm.
© Eric Erbe / Beltsville Agricultural Research Center |
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Images:
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Ice
Comments: Rimed ice crystal. Composite column and plate crystal covered with tubercle deposits from contact with liquid water (supercooled fog). Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscope (LT-SEM) image.
Location: Unknown.
Scale: Picture size 1 mm.
© Eric Erbe / Beltsville Agricultural Research Center |
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Images:
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Ice
Comments: Hexagonal ice plate formed from vapor deposition in air at 0 to -3 or -10 to -35 deg. C. Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscope (LT-SEM) image with inset light microscope image.
Location: Unknown.
Scale: Picture size 0.6 mm.
© Eric Erbe / Beltsville Agricultural Research Center |
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Images:
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Ice
Comments: Acicular ice crystals formed from vapor deposition in air at -3 to -10 deg. C. Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscope (LT-SEM) image with inset light microscope image.
Location: Unknown.
Scale: Picture size 2 mm.
© Eric Erbe / Beltsville Agricultural Research Center |
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Ice Crystallography
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Axial Ratios: |
a:c = 1:1.62971 |
Cell Dimensions: |
a = 4.51, c = 7.35, Z = 4; V = 129.47 Den(Calc)= 0.92 |
Crystal System: |
Hexagonal - Dihexagonal DipyramidalH-M Symbol (6/m 2/m 2/m) Space Group: P 63/mmc |
X Ray Diffraction: |
By Intensity(I/Io): 3.66(1), 3.9(1), 2.25(0.9), |
Forms:
Mouse
Dbl Clk - Start-Stop Rotation
RMB - Cycle Display Modes
Drag1 - Manipulate Crystal
Drag2 - Resize
Keyboard
S - Stereo
I - Indicies
<space> - Start-Stop Rotation
F - Fit to Screen
M - Menu
Help on Above
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Forms:
[ 0 1 0]
[ 0 0 1]
Warning: this large pop-up is very compute intensive and
may not work well with some computers.
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Crystal Structure:
Mouse
drag1 - LMB Manipulate Structure
drag2 - RMB Resize/Rotate
Keyboard
S - Stereo Pair on/off
H - Help Screen
I - Data Info
A - Atoms On/Off
P - Polyhedra On/Off
B - Bonds On/Off
Help on Above
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Kamb B , Science , 150 (1965) p.205-209, Structure of ice VI
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Physical Properties of Ice
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Cleavage: |
None |
Color: |
Colorless, Pale blue, Greenish blue, White. |
Density: |
0.9167 |
Diaphaniety: |
Transparent |
Fracture: |
Brittle - Conchoidal - Very brittle fracture producing small, conchoidal fragments. |
Habit: |
Crystalline - Coarse - Occurs as well-formed coarse sized crystals. |
Habit: |
Dendritic - Branching "tree-like" growths of great complexity (e.g. pyrolusite). |
Habit: |
Massive - Granular - Common texture observed in granite and other igneous rock. |
Hardness: |
2.5 - Finger Nail |
Luminescence: |
Non-fluorescent. |
Luster: |
Vitreous - Dull |
Streak: |
white |
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Optical Properties of Ice
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Gladstone-Dale: |
CI meas= -0.043 (Good) - where the CI = (1-KPDmeas/KC) CI calc= -0.039 (Good) - where the CI = (1-KPDcalc/KC)
KPDcalc= 0.3533,KPDmeas= 0.3545,KC= 0.34 |
Optical Data: |
Uniaxial (?), a=1.32, b=1.33, bire=0.0100. |
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Calculated Properties of Ice
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Electron Density: |
relectron=1.02 gm/cc note: rIce =0.92 gm/cc. |
Fermion Index |
Fermion Index = 0.00044 Boson Index = 0.99956 |
Photoelectric: |
PEIce = 0.36 barns/electron U=PEIce x relectron= 0.36 barns/cc. |
Radioactivity: |
GRapi = 0 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units) Ice is Not Radioactive |
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Ice Classification
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Dana Class: |
4.1.2.1 (4)Simple Oxides |
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(4.1)with a cation charge of 1+ (A+2 O) |
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(4.1.2)Dana Group |
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4.1.2.1 Ice H2O P 63/mmc 6/m 2/m 2/m |
Strunz Class: |
IV/A.01-10 IV - Oxides |
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IV/A - Oxides with metal : oxygen = 1:1 and 2:1 (M2O,MO) |
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IV/A.01 - Ice |
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IV/A.01-10 Ice H2O P 63/mmc 6/m 2/m 2/m |
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Other Ice Information
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References: |
NAME( Dana8) PHYS. PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) OPTIC PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) |
See Also: |
Links to other databases for Ice :
1 -Am. Min. Crystal Structure Database
2 - Amethyst Galleries' Mineral Gallery
3 -Athena
4 - Glendale Community College
5 -Google Images
6 -Google Scholar
7 -Handbook of Mineralogy (UofA)
8 -MinDAT
9 -MinMax(Deutsch)
10 -MinMax(English)
11 -Mineralienatlas (Deutsch)
12 - Minerals of Wisconsin
13 - Philatelic Mineralogy
14 -QUT Mineral Atlas
15 - WWW-MINCRYST
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Print or Cut-and-Paste your Ice Specimen Label here :
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Ice
H2O
Dana No: 4.1.2.1 Strunz No: IV/A.01-10
Locality:
Notes:
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