Caledonite Mineral Data

Caledonite Mineral Data +

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General Caledonite Information

Chemical Formula:

Pb5Cu2(CO3)(SO4)3(OH)6

Composition:

Molecular Weight = 1,613.34 gm

Copper 7.88 % Cu 8.87 % Cu₂O

Hydrogen 0.37 % H 3.35 % H₂O

Lead 64.21 % Pb 69.17 % PbO

Carbon 0.74 % C 2.73 % CO₂

Sulfur 5.96 % S 14.89 % SO₃

Oxygen 20.83 % O

______ ______

100.00 % 99.01 % = TOTAL OXIDE

Empirical Formula:

Pb₅Cu₂(CO₃)(SO₄)₃(OH)₆

Environment:

Secondary, weathered zone of lead and copper ores.

IMA Status:

Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1932

Locality:

Mammoth Mine at Tiger, Arizona. Link to MinDat.org Location Data.

Name Origin:

Named after Caledonia, the historical name of Scotland.

Synonym:

ICSD 2622

PDF 29-565

Caledonite Image

Images:

Caledonite

Comments: Transparent, blue caledonite crystals.
Location: Mammoth mine, Tiger, Pinal County, Arizona, USA. Scale: Size Not Given.
© Lou Perloff / Photo Atlas of Minerals

Caledonite Crystallography

Axial Ratios:

a:b:c =2.8122:1:0.9189

Cell Dimensions:

a = 20.088, b = 7.143, c = 6.564, Z = 2; V = 941.86 Den(Calc)= 5.69

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic - PyramidalH-M Symbol (mm2) Space Group: P mn2₁

$Help on X Ray Diffraction:$ X Ray Diffraction:

By Intensity(I/I_o): 1.849(1), 3.09(0.8), 4.6(0.8),

Forms:

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Forms: [ 1 1 1] [ 1 0 1] [ 0 1 0] [ 1 4 0] [ 1 2 0] [ 1 3 1] [ 1 0 0]

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Crystal Structure:

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Giacovazzo C , Menchetti S , Scordari F , Acta Crystallographica, Section B , 29 (1973) p.1986-1990, The crystal structure of caledonite, Cu2Pb5(SO4)3CO3(OH)6

Physical Properties of Caledonite

Cleavage:

[001] Perfect, [100] Distinct

Color:

Blue, Blue green, Green, Dark green.

Density:

5.7 - 6.4, Average = 6.05

Diaphaniety:

Transparent to Translucent

Fracture:

Uneven - Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in an uneven pattern.

Habit:

Prismatic - Crystals Shaped like Slender Prisms (e.g. tourmaline).

Habit:

Radial - Crystals radiate from a center without producing stellar forms (e.g. stibnite)

Habit:

Striated - Parallel lines on crystal surface or cleavage face.

Hardness:

2.5-3 - Finger Nail-Calcite

Luminescence:

None.

Luster:

Vitreous - Greasy

Streak:

greenish white

Optical Properties of Caledonite

Gladstone-Dale:

CI meas= 0.086 (Poor) - where the CI = (1-KPDmeas/KC)
CI calc= 0.028 (Excellent) - where the CI = (1-KPDcalc/KC)
KPDcalc= 0.1519,KPDmeas= 0.1429,KC= 0.1563

Optical Data:

Biaxial (-), a=1.818, b=1.866, g=1.909, bire=0.0910, 2V(Calc)=84, 2V(Meas)=85. Dispersion none.

Pleochroism (x):

none.

Pleochroism (y):

none.

Pleochroism (z):

Calculated Properties of Caledonite

Electron Density:

r_electron=4.91 gm/cc
note: r_Caledonite=5.69 gm/cc.

Fermion Index

Fermion Index = 0.14254
Boson Index = 0.85746

Photoelectric:

PE_Caledonite=1,146.78 barns/electron
U=PE_Caledonite x r_electron=5,629.99 barns/cc.

Radioactivity:

GRapi = 0 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units)

Caledonite is Not Radioactive

Caledonite Classification

Dana Class:

32.3.2.1 (32)Compound Sulfates

(32.3)(anhydrous) with poly-anionic formula

(32.3.2)Dana Group

32.3.2.1 Caledonite Pb5Cu2(CO3)(SO4)3(OH)6 P mn2₁ mm2

Strunz Class:

VI/B.09-10 VI - Sulfates,Chromates,Molybdates and Tungstates

VI/B - Waterfree sulfates [SO4]2- with unfamiliar anions. cations of medium size

VI/B.09 - Caledonite series

VI/B.09-10 Caledonite Pb5Cu2(CO3)(SO4)3(OH)6 P mn2₁ mm2

Other Caledonite Information

References:

NAME( Duda&Rejl90) PHYS. PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) OPTIC PROP.(Ford32)

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Caledonite

Pb5Cu2(CO3)(SO4)3(OH)6
Dana No: 32.3.2.1 Strunz No: VI/B.09-10
Locality:

Notes: