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Minerals Arranged by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
See Help on X-Ray Diffraction.
Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials. This data is represented in a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the three most intense D values in the form of tables of interplanar spacings (D), relative intensities (I/Io), mineral name and chemical formulae
The XRD technique takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample in a holder, then the sample is illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length and the intensity of the reflected radiation is recorded using a goniometer. This data is then analyzed for the reflection angle to calculate the inter-atomic spacing (D value in Angstrom units - 10-8 cm). The intensity(I) is measured to discriminate (using I ratios) the various D spacings and the results are compared to this table to identify possible matches. Note: 2 theta (Θ) angle calculated from the Bragg Equation, 2 Θ = 2(arcsin(n λ/(2d)) where n=1;
For more information about this technique, see X-Ray Analysis of a Solid or take an internet course at Birkbeck College On-line Courses. Many thanks to Frederic Biret for these data.
|
Selected X-Ray λ |
Change X-Ray λ |
D1 Å |
D2 Å |
D3 Å |
Tolerance % |
Elements |
|---|
| D1 Å (2θ) |
I1 %) |
D2 Å (2θ) |
I2 (%) |
D3 Å (2θ) |
I3 (%) |
Mineral | Formula |
| 3.248(27.44) | 100 | 2.970(30.06) | 69 | 2.767(32.33) | 61 | Heyite | Pb5Fe++2(VO4)2O4 |
| 3.249(27.43) | 100 | 3.253(27.39) | 61 | 7.044(12.56) | 54 | Gjerdingenite-Na | (K,Na)2Na(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(OH,O)4•5H2O |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 4.800(18.47) | 65 | 2.760(32.41) | 60 | Arsentsumebite | Pb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH) |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 6.200(14.27) | 100 | 1.920(47.30) | 90 | Pseudo-autunite | (H3O)4Ca2(UO2)2(PO4)4•5(H2O) (?) |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 2.024(44.74) | 35 | 1.660(55.29) | 35 | Stolzite | PbWO4 |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 1.577(58.48) | 70 | 1.712(53.48) | 70 | Burovaite-Ca | (K,Na)4Ca2(Ti,Nb)8[Si4O12]4(OH,O)8•12H2O |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 4.560(19.45) | 95 | 3.290(27.08) | 95 | Blodite | Na2Mg(SO4)2•4(H2O) |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 2.610(34.33) | 100 | 4.080(21.76) | 100 | Thorosteenstrupine | (Ca,Th,Mn)3Si4O11F•6(H2O) |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 1.577(58.48) | 70 | 1.444(64.48) | 70 | Burovaite-Ca | (K,Na)4Ca2(Ti,Nb)8[Si4O12]4(OH,O)8•12H2O |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 4.950(17.90) | 80 | 2.760(32.41) | 80 | Brackebuschite | Pb2(Mn,Fe++)(VO4)2(OH) |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 4.260(20.83) | 55 | 2.103(42.97) | 50 | Kuzminite | Hg2(Br,Cl)2 |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 3.800(23.39) | 100 | 3.450(25.80) | 90 | Molybdite | MoO3 |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 3.490(25.50) | 70 | 2.840(31.47) | 60 | Owyheeite | Pb7Ag2(Sb,Bi)8S20 |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 2.360(38.10) | 70 | 2.220(40.60) | 55 | Pilsenite | Bi4Te3 |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 1.990(45.55) | 90 | 3.980(22.32) | 80 | Cebaite-(Ce) | Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2 |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 1.660(55.29) | 35 | 2.024(44.74) | 35 | Stolzite | PbWO4 |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 2.548(35.19) | 52 | 3.750(23.71) | 50 | Dusmatovite | K(K,Na,[ ])(Mn++,Y,Zr)2(Zn,Li)3Si12O30 |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 1.444(64.48) | 70 | 1.577(58.48) | 70 | Burovaite-Ca | (K,Na)4Ca2(Ti,Nb)8[Si4O12]4(OH,O)8•12H2O |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 2.760(32.41) | 80 | 4.950(17.90) | 80 | Brackebuschite | Pb2(Mn,Fe++)(VO4)2(OH) |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 3.290(27.08) | 95 | 4.560(19.45) | 95 | Blodite | Na2Mg(SO4)2•4(H2O) |
| 3.250(27.42) | 100 | 2.370(37.93) | 50 | 2.240(40.23) | 40 | Hedleyite | Bi7Te3 (?) |
| 3.251(27.41) | 100 | 1.986(45.64) | 90 | 1.697(53.99) | 80 | Permingeatite | Cu3SbSe4 |
| 3.252(27.40) | 100 | 5.172(17.13) | 70 | 2.643(33.89) | 70 | Pyrobelonite | PbMn(VO4)(OH) |
| 3.252(27.40) | 100 | 2.643(33.89) | 70 | 5.172(17.13) | 70 | Pyrobelonite | PbMn(VO4)(OH) |
| 3.252(27.40) | 100 | 1.991(45.52) | 56 | 1.697(53.99) | 39 | Haleniusite-(La) | (La,Ce)OF |
| 3.253(27.39) | 100 | 2.708(33.05) | 40 | 2.693(33.24) | 40 | Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| 3.253(27.39) | 100 | 2.693(33.24) | 40 | 2.708(33.05) | 40 | Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| 3.253(27.39) | 100 | 3.283(27.14) | 100 | 4.233(20.97) | 65 | Parsonsite | Pb2(UO2)(PO4)2•2(H2O) |
| 3.253(27.39) | 100 | 5.130(17.27) | 100 | 2.815(31.76) | 60 | Poudretteite | KNa2B3Si12O30 |
| 3.254(27.39) | 100 | 3.271(27.24) | 51 | 3.145(28.35) | 34 | Smrkovecite | Bi2O(OH)(PO4) |
| 3.256(27.37) | 100 | 2.518(35.63) | 70 | 4.871(18.20) | 40 | Cuzticite | Fe+++2Te++++++O6•3(H2O) |
| 3.256(27.37) | 100 | 4.670(18.99) | 97 | 3.072(29.04) | 56 | Rappoldite | Pb(Co,Ni,Zn,)2(AsO4)2•2(H2O) |
| 3.257(27.36) | 100 | 2.030(44.60) | 70 | 15.300(5.77) | 70 | Mathewrogersite | Pb7(Fe,Cu)Al3GeSi12O36•(OH,H2O)6 |
| 3.257(27.36) | 100 | 3.132(28.47) | 100 | 2.812(31.80) | 100 | Kornite | Na(CaNa)Fe++4(Al,Fe+++)Si7AlO22(OH)2 |
| 3.257(27.36) | 100 | 3.324(26.80) | 100 | 3.299(27.01) | 100 | Terskite | Na4ZrSi6O15(OH)2•2(H2O) |
| 3.257(27.36) | 100 | 3.299(27.01) | 100 | 3.324(26.80) | 100 | Terskite | Na4ZrSi6O15(OH)2•2(H2O) |
| 3.257(27.36) | 100 | 15.300(5.77) | 70 | 2.030(44.60) | 70 | Mathewrogersite | Pb7(Fe,Cu)Al3GeSi12O36•(OH,H2O)6 |
| 3.259(27.34) | 100 | 3.159(28.23) | 83 | 3.097(28.80) | 70 | Medaite | (Mn,Ca)6(V+++++,As)Si5O18(OH) |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 3.220(27.68) | 90 | 3.270(27.25) | 75 | Sanidine | (K,Na)(Si,Al)4O8 |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 2.510(35.74) | 100 | 2.810(31.82) | 60 | Terlinguaite | Hg+Hg++ClO |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 2.650(33.80) | 80 | 2.850(31.36) | 80 | Duftite-alpha | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 2.650(33.80) | 80 | 2.850(31.36) | 80 | Duftite-beta | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 1.980(45.79) | 80 | 1.720(53.21) | 70 | Hocartite | Ag2FeSnS4 |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 2.850(31.36) | 80 | 2.650(33.80) | 80 | Duftite-alpha | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 3.810(23.33) | 90 | 2.950(30.27) | 90 | Semseyite | Pb9Sb8S21 |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 3.080(28.97) | 100 | 2.483(36.15) | 80 | Blossite | Cu2V+++++2O7 |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 2.930(30.48) | 65 | 2.560(35.02) | 55 | Darapiosite | KNa2Zr[Li(Mn,Zr)2Si12O30] |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 3.680(24.16) | 70 | 4.700(18.87) | 60 | Hydroxycancrinite | Na4(AlSiO4)3(OH)•(H2O) |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 3.680(24.16) | 90 | 2.836(31.52) | 70 | Sterryite | Ag2Pb10(Sb,As)12S29 |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 3.750(23.71) | 90 | 4.430(20.03) | 60 | Eifelite | KNa3Mg4Si12O30 |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 4.690(18.91) | 100 | 2.028(44.65) | 90 | Yttrotungstite-(Y) | YW2O6(OH)3 |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 5.660(15.64) | 100 | 5.010(17.69) | 90 | Inderite | MgB3O3(OH)5•5(H2O) |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 6.220(14.23) | 100 | 2.780(32.17) | 80 | Odanielite | Na(Zn,Mg)3H2(AsO4)3 |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 7.910(11.18) | 90 | 11.890(7.43) | 70 | Volkovskite | KCa4[B5O8(OH)4][B(OH)3]Cl•4(H2O) |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 3.070(29.06) | 70 | 3.475(25.61) | 60 | Kirkiite | Pb10Bi3As3S19 |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 2.966(30.10) | 94 | 5.020(17.65) | 72 | Vlasovite | Na2ZrSi4O11 |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 2.950(30.27) | 90 | 3.810(23.33) | 90 | Semseyite | Pb9Sb8S21 |
| 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 2.850(31.36) | 80 | 2.650(33.80) | 80 | Duftite-beta | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 3.261(27.33) | 100 | 2.019(44.86) | 60 | 2.028(44.65) | 60 | Nasledovite | PbMn3Al4(CO3)4(SO4)O5•5(H2O) |
| 3.261(27.33) | 100 | 2.028(44.65) | 60 | 2.019(44.86) | 60 | Nasledovite | PbMn3Al4(CO3)4(SO4)O5•5(H2O) |
| 3.262(27.32) | 100 | 7.100(12.46) | 90 | 3.151(28.30) | 80 | Vuoriyarvite-K | (K,Na)2(Nb,Ti)2Si4O12(O,OH)2•4(H2O) |
| 3.262(27.32) | 100 | 6.530(13.55) | 85 | 7.090(12.47) | 72 | Korobitsynite | Na3(Ti,Nb)2[Si4O12](OH,O)2•3-4(H2O) |
| 3.264(27.30) | 100 | 4.730(18.74) | 92 | 3.679(24.17) | 72 | Kyanoxalite | Na7(Al5-6Si6-7O24)(C2O4)0.5-1.0•5H2O |
| 3.265(27.29) | 100 | 3.098(28.79) | 60 | 3.148(28.33) | 60 | Fairbankite | PbTe++++O3 |
| 3.265(27.29) | 100 | 3.148(28.33) | 60 | 3.098(28.79) | 60 | Fairbankite | PbTe++++O3 |
| 3.265(27.29) | 100 | 2.188(41.23) | 71 | 6.726(13.15) | 69 | Chenguodaite | Ag9FeTe2S4 |
| 3.266(27.28) | 100 | 3.438(25.89) | 85 | 5.390(16.43) | 80 | Leucite | KAlSi2O6 |
| 3.267(27.27) | 100 | 3.150(28.31) | 62 | 4.279(20.74) | 38 | Hechtsbergite | Bi2O(OH)(VO4) |
| 3.267(27.27) | 100 | 2.520(35.60) | 71 | 4.361(20.35) | 51 | Xocolatlite | Ca2Mn++++2Te++++++2O12•H2O |
| 3.267(27.27) | 100 | 1.976(45.89) | 80 | 1.735(52.71) | 80 | Pirquitasite | Ag2ZnSnS4 |
| 3.267(27.27) | 100 | 1.735(52.71) | 80 | 1.976(45.89) | 80 | Pirquitasite | Ag2ZnSnS4 |
| 3.269(27.26) | 100 | 2.140(42.19) | 40 | 2.003(45.23) | 40 | Kukharenkoite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| 3.269(27.26) | 100 | 2.003(45.23) | 40 | 2.140(42.19) | 40 | Kukharenkoite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| 3.270(27.25) | 100 | 1.107(88.19) | 90 | 1.910(47.57) | 90 | Cadmoindite | CdIn2S4 |
| 3.270(27.25) | 100 | 2.980(29.96) | 100 | 1.930(47.04) | 100 | Juanite | Ca10Mg4Al2Si11O39•4(H2O) (?) |
| 3.270(27.25) | 100 | 2.231(40.40) | 95 | 1.711(53.51) | 75 | Sellaite | MgF2 |
| 3.270(27.25) | 100 | 1.910(47.57) | 90 | 1.107(88.19) | 90 | Cadmoindite | CdIn2S4 |
| 3.270(27.25) | 100 | 1.810(50.37) | 100 | 3.160(28.22) | 90 | Nasonite | Pb6Ca4Si6O21Cl2 |
| 3.270(27.25) | 100 | 3.000(29.76) | 100 | 2.780(32.17) | 90 | Arsenbrackebuschite | Pb2(Fe++,Zn)(AsO4)2•(H2O) |
| 3.270(27.25) | 100 | 3.049(29.27) | 80 | 2.278(39.53) | 65 | Ferrobustamite | Ca(Fe++,Ca,Mn)Si2O6 |
| 3.270(27.25) | 100 | 4.010(22.15) | 100 | 1.998(45.35) | 80 | Kukharenkoite-(La) | Ba2(La,Ce)(CO3)3F |
| 3.270(27.25) | 100 | 4.770(18.59) | 100 | 6.390(13.85) | 75 | Pitiglianoite | Na6K2Si6Al6O24(SO4)•2(H2O) |
| 3.270(27.25) | 100 | 4.010(22.15) | 78 | 3.240(27.51) | 42 | Zhonghuacerite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| 3.270(27.25) | 100 | 1.998(45.35) | 100 | 2.140(42.19) | 80 | Kukharenkoite-(La) | Ba2(La,Ce)(CO3)3F |
| 3.270(27.25) | 100 | 3.388(26.28) | 95 | 2.491(36.03) | 93 | Krettnichite | PbMn+++2(VO4)2(OH)2 |
| 3.270(27.25) | 100 | 2.922(30.57) | 90 | 3.740(23.77) | 80 | Meneghinite | Pb13CuSb7S24 |
| 3.270(27.25) | 100 | 2.350(38.27) | 50 | 3.910(22.72) | 40 | Kolarite | PbTeCl2 |
| 3.271(27.24) | 100 | 2.871(31.13) | 52 | 3.027(29.48) | 41 | Pezzottaite | Cs(Be2Li)Al2Si6O18 |
| 3.273(27.22) | 100 | 3.862(23.01) | 100 | 7.960(11.11) | 100 | Krautite | MnAs+++++O3(OH)2•(H2O) |
| 3.273(27.22) | 100 | 9.290(9.51) | 80 | 4.620(19.20) | 50 | Taneyamalite | (Na,Ca)(Mn++,Mg)12[(Si,Al)6O17]2(O,OH)10 |
| 3.273(27.22) | 100 | 2.003(45.23) | 70 | 1.707(53.65) | 44 | Stilleite | ZnSe |
| 3.273(27.22) | 100 | 3.695(24.06) | 88 | 2.769(32.30) | 65 | Vishnevite | (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)12O24[(SO4),(CO3),Cl2]2-4•n(H2O) |
| 3.273(27.22) | 100 | 7.960(11.11) | 100 | 3.862(23.01) | 100 | Krautite | MnAs+++++O3(OH)2•(H2O) |
| 3.275(27.21) | 100 | 2.993(29.83) | 80 | 2.873(31.10) | 80 | Aurivilliusite | Hg+Hg++OI |
| 3.275(27.21) | 100 | 2.873(31.10) | 80 | 2.993(29.83) | 80 | Aurivilliusite | Hg+Hg++OI |
| 3.276(27.20) | 100 | 3.730(23.84) | 91 | 5.847(15.14) | 83 | IMA2008-067 | SiO2•n(CH4,C2H6,C3H8,C4H10); (nmax = 3/17) |
| 3.278(27.18) | 100 | 8.120(10.89) | 65 | 2.903(30.77) | 64 | Stoppaniite | (Fe,Al,Mg)4(Na,[ ])2[Be6Si12O36]•2(H2O) |
| 3.279(27.17) | 100 | 2.526(35.51) | 60 | 4.423(20.06) | 40 | Lyonsite | Cu++3Fe+++4(VO4)6 |
| 3.279(27.17) | 100 | 8.476(10.43) | 90 | 3.132(28.47) | 60 | Villyaellenite | Mn++5(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2•4(H2O) |
| 3.280(27.16) | 100 | 1.707(53.65) | 100 | 2.520(35.60) | 90 | Struverite | (Ti,Ta,Fe+++)O2 |