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Minerals Arranged by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
See Help on X-Ray Diffraction.
Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials. This data is represented in a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the three most intense D values in the form of tables of interplanar spacings (D), relative intensities (I/Io), mineral name and chemical formulae
The XRD technique takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample in a holder, then the sample is illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length and the intensity of the reflected radiation is recorded using a goniometer. This data is then analyzed for the reflection angle to calculate the inter-atomic spacing (D value in Angstrom units - 10-8 cm). The intensity(I) is measured to discriminate (using I ratios) the various D spacings and the results are compared to this table to identify possible matches. Note: 2 theta (Θ) angle calculated from the Bragg Equation, 2 Θ = 2(arcsin(n λ/(2d)) where n=1;
For more information about this technique, see X-Ray Analysis of a Solid or take an internet course at Birkbeck College On-line Courses. Many thanks to Frederic Biret for these data.
|
Selected X-Ray λ |
Change X-Ray λ |
D1 Å |
D2 Å |
D3 Å |
Tolerance % |
Elements |
|---|
| D1 Å (2θ) |
I1 %) |
D2 Å (2θ) |
I2 (%) |
D3 Å (2θ) |
I3 (%) |
Mineral | Formula |
| 3.205(27.81) | 100 | 6.407(13.81) | 57 | 2.635(33.99) | 54 | Gaylussite | Na2Ca(CO3)2•5(H2O) |
| 3.206(27.80) | 100 | 2.924(30.55) | 70 | 3.644(24.41) | 60 | Cannonite | Bi2O(OH)2SO4 |
| 3.206(27.80) | 100 | 3.246(27.45) | 75 | 3.152(28.29) | 50 | Scorzalite | (Fe++,Mg)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 3.206(27.80) | 100 | 3.504(25.40) | 80 | 3.184(28.00) | 72 | Stronalsite | SrNa2Al4Si4O16 |
| 3.206(27.80) | 100 | 5.030(17.62) | 80 | 1.992(45.50) | 45 | IMA2008-040 | BiMo2O7(OH)•2H2O |
| 3.206(27.80) | 100 | 3.025(29.50) | 100 | 2.798(31.96) | 50 | Fergusonite-beta-(Nd) | (Nd,Ce)NbO4 |
| 3.207(27.80) | 100 | 5.096(17.39) | 80 | 4.284(20.72) | 80 | Landesite | (Mn,Mg)9Fe+++3(PO4)8(OH)3•9(H2O) |
| 3.207(27.80) | 100 | 4.284(20.72) | 80 | 5.096(17.39) | 80 | Landesite | (Mn,Mg)9Fe+++3(PO4)8(OH)3•9(H2O) |
| 3.208(27.79) | 100 | 3.095(28.82) | 90 | 3.075(29.01) | 50 | Trolleite | Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 3.208(27.79) | 100 | 10.354(8.53) | 94 | 3.088(28.89) | 76 | Orthowalpurgite | (UO2)Bi4O4(AsO4)2•2(H2O) |
| 3.209(27.78) | 100 | 11.120(7.94) | 100 | 2.751(32.52) | 60 | Sterlinghillite | Mn++3(AsO4)2•3(H2O) |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 7.160(12.35) | 100 | 7.180(12.32) | 100 | Phillipsite-Na | (Na,K,Ca)1-2(Si,Al)8O16•6(H2O) |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 7.180(12.32) | 100 | 7.160(12.35) | 100 | Phillipsite-Ca | (Ca,K,Na)1-2(Si,Al)8O16•6(H2O) |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 3.020(29.55) | 90 | 2.910(30.70) | 90 | Kanoite | (Mn++,Mg)2Si2O6 |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 7.160(12.35) | 100 | 7.180(12.32) | 100 | Phillipsite-K | (K,Na,Ca)1-2(Si,Al)8O16•6(H2O) |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 3.260(27.33) | 90 | 2.910(30.70) | 90 | Plagionite | Pb5Sb8S17 |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 3.720(23.90) | 35 | 2.030(44.60) | 35 | Toyohaite | Ag2FeSn3S8 |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 1.937(46.86) | 100 | 2.010(45.07) | 90 | Huanghoite-(Ce) | BaCe(CO3)2F |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 7.180(12.32) | 100 | 7.160(12.35) | 100 | Phillipsite-Na | (Na,K,Ca)1-2(Si,Al)8O16•6(H2O) |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 2.910(30.70) | 80 | 2.710(33.03) | 70 | Bushmakinite | Pb2Al(PO4)(VO4)(OH) |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 7.180(12.32) | 100 | 7.160(12.35) | 100 | Phillipsite-K | (K,Na,Ca)1-2(Si,Al)8O16•6(H2O) |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 7.160(12.35) | 100 | 7.180(12.32) | 100 | Phillipsite-Ca | (Ca,K,Na)1-2(Si,Al)8O16•6(H2O) |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 6.930(12.76) | 100 | 3.110(28.68) | 90 | Neskevaaraite-Fe | NaK3Fe(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4•6(H2O) |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 4.470(19.85) | 100 | 5.150(17.20) | 80 | Schubnelite | Fe++(V+++++O4)(H2O) |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 4.020(22.09) | 100 | 2.510(35.74) | 80 | Petscheckite | U++++Fe++(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 3.180(28.04) | 90 | 4.040(21.98) | 80 | Andesine | (Na,Ca)(Si,Al)4O8 |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 2.990(29.86) | 85 | 5.990(14.78) | 60 | Pyatenkoite-(Y) | Na5(Y,Dy,Gd)TiSi6O18•6(H2O) |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 2.945(30.32) | 90 | 2.441(36.79) | 80 | Rusakovite | (Fe+++,Al)5(VO4,PO4)2(OH)9•3(H2O) |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 2.910(30.70) | 90 | 3.020(29.55) | 90 | Kanoite | (Mn++,Mg)2Si2O6 |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 2.910(30.70) | 90 | 3.260(27.33) | 90 | Plagionite | Pb5Sb8S17 |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 2.030(44.60) | 35 | 3.720(23.90) | 35 | Toyohaite | Ag2FeSn3S8 |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 1.608(57.24) | 30 | 4.240(20.93) | 20 | Tinnunculite | C10H12N6O8 (?) |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 4.680(18.95) | 80 | 2.910(30.70) | 70 | Bushmakinite | Pb2Al(PO4)(VO4)(OH) |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 5.140(17.24) | 100 | 2.510(35.74) | 90 | Paralaurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| 3.210(27.77) | 100 | 6.350(13.93) | 100 | 2.621(34.18) | 55 | Iriginite | (UO2)(Mo++++++2O7)•3(H2O) |
| 3.211(27.76) | 100 | 3.243(27.48) | 90 | 4.106(21.63) | 16 | Anorthoclase | (Na,K)AlSi3O8 |
| 3.212(27.75) | 100 | 3.012(29.63) | 60 | 4.880(18.16) | 50 | Edoylerite | Hg++3Cr++++++O4S2 |
| 3.213(27.74) | 100 | 2.977(29.99) | 91 | 2.859(31.26) | 79 | Mogovidite | Na9(Ca,Na)6Ca6Fe2Zr3[ ]Si25O72(CO3)(OH)4 |
| 3.213(27.74) | 100 | 3.490(25.50) | 68 | 3.230(27.59) | 48 | Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
| 3.215(27.72) | 100 | 2.817(31.74) | 88 | 3.466(25.68) | 78 | Sarabauite | CaSb10O10S6 |
| 3.216(27.72) | 100 | 4.840(18.31) | 90 | 3.116(28.62) | 80 | Meurigite-K | [K(H2O)2.5][Fe+++8(PO4)6(OH)7(H2O)4] |
| 3.218(27.70) | 100 | 1.972(45.98) | 42 | 2.788(32.08) | 40 | Senarmontite | Sb2O3 |
| 3.218(27.70) | 100 | 3.132(28.47) | 62 | 2.812(31.80) | 58 | Lulzacite | Sr2Fe++(Fe++,Mg)2Al4(PO4)4(OH)10 |
| 3.219(27.69) | 100 | 3.649(24.37) | 90 | 2.785(32.11) | 80 | Seeligerite | Pb3Cl3(IO3)O |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 5.010(17.69) | 60 | 4.110(21.60) | 60 | Osumilite-(Mg) | (K,Na)(Mg,Fe++)2(Al,Fe+++)3(Si,Al)12O30 |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 3.530(25.21) | 90 | 3.100(28.77) | 90 | Cornwallite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 4.160(21.34) | 80 | 2.090(43.25) | 80 | Svyatoslavite | CaAl2Si2O8 |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 2.410(37.28) | 20 | 1.920(47.30) | 20 | Baratovite | KCa7(Ti,Zr)2Li3Si12O36F2 |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 2.714(32.98) | 80 | 2.564(34.97) | 60 | Vesignieite | Cu3Ba(VO4)2(OH)2 |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 2.970(30.06) | 70 | 2.590(34.60) | 63 | Vanadomalayaite | CaVOSiO4 |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 2.979(29.97) | 95 | 2.857(31.28) | 88 | Zirsilite-(Ce) | (Na,[ ])12(Ce, Na)3Ca6Mn3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(OH)3(CO3)•H2O |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 2.340(38.44) | 90 | 1.473(63.06) | 60 | Rucklidgeite | (Bi,Pb)3Te4 |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 2.090(43.25) | 80 | 4.160(21.34) | 80 | Svyatoslavite | CaAl2Si2O8 |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 1.920(47.30) | 20 | 2.410(37.28) | 20 | Baratovite | KCa7(Ti,Zr)2Li3Si12O36F2 |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 1.859(48.96) | 90 | 2.870(31.14) | 80 | Enargite | Cu3AsS4 |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 1.740(52.55) | 90 | 2.730(32.78) | 80 | Sillenite | Bi12SiO20 |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 3.010(29.65) | 100 | 2.610(34.33) | 80 | Parageorgbokiite | Cu5O2(SeO3)2Cl2 |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 3.100(28.77) | 90 | 3.530(25.21) | 90 | Cornwallite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 3.650(24.37) | 90 | 6.300(14.05) | 70 | Cancrisilite | Na7Al5Si7O24(C03)•3(H2O) |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 6.320(14.00) | 70 | 3.530(25.21) | 50 | Guanine | C5H3(NH2)N4O |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 4.110(21.60) | 60 | 5.010(17.69) | 60 | Osumilite-(Mg) | (K,Na)(Mg,Fe++)2(Al,Fe+++)3(Si,Al)12O30 |
| 3.220(27.68) | 100 | 2.420(37.12) | 70 | 6.370(13.89) | 50 | Ekatite | (Fe+++,Fe++,Zn)12(OH)6[AsO3]6[AsO3,HOSiO3]2 |
| 3.222(27.66) | 100 | 2.376(37.83) | 25 | 2.192(41.15) | 25 | Tellurobismuthite | Bi2Te3 |
| 3.222(27.66) | 100 | 2.192(41.15) | 25 | 2.376(37.83) | 25 | Tellurobismuthite | Bi2Te3 |
| 3.223(27.65) | 100 | 3.190(27.95) | 80 | 4.466(19.86) | 70 | Nickelblodite | Na2(Ni,Mg)(SO4)2•4(H2O) |
| 3.224(27.65) | 100 | 1.636(56.18) | 40 | 2.432(36.93) | 40 | Guyanaite | CrO(OH) |
| 3.224(27.65) | 100 | 2.432(36.93) | 40 | 1.636(56.18) | 40 | Guyanaite | CrO(OH) |
| 3.224(27.65) | 100 | 3.120(28.59) | 87 | 2.841(31.46) | 69 | Pyrostilpnite | Ag3SbS3 |
| 3.224(27.65) | 100 | 2.760(32.41) | 60 | 3.619(24.58) | 55 | Raspite | PbWO4 |
| 3.225(27.64) | 100 | 6.920(12.78) | 80 | 4.940(17.94) | 70 | Gjerdingenite-Fe | K2[(H2O)2(Fe,Mn)][(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4]•4(H2O) |
| 3.226(27.63) | 100 | 1.727(52.98) | 60 | 1.992(45.50) | 30 | Smirnite | Bi2Te++++O5 |
| 3.226(27.63) | 100 | 2.890(30.92) | 60 | 1.727(52.98) | 30 | Smirnite | Bi2Te++++O5 |
| 3.228(27.61) | 100 | 2.364(38.03) | 58 | 2.005(45.19) | 33 | Kochkarite | PbBi4Te7 |
| 3.228(27.61) | 100 | 2.625(34.13) | 81 | 5.119(17.31) | 77 | Cechite | Pb(Fe++,Mn)(VO4)(OH) |
| 3.228(27.61) | 100 | 5.059(17.52) | 65 | 3.726(23.86) | 50 | Yagiite | (Na,K)3Mg4(Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)24O60 |
| 3.229(27.60) | 100 | 2.880(31.03) | 80 | 4.097(21.67) | 70 | Oftedalite | (Sc,Ca)2KBe3Si12O30 |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 4.650(19.07) | 90 | 3.040(29.36) | 80 | Keiviite-(Y) | (Y,Yb)2Si2O7 |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 1.894(47.99) | 90 | 1.097(89.20) | 40 | Manganoshadlunite | (Mn,Pb)(Cu,Fe)8S8 |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 1.781(51.25) | 70 | 2.155(41.89) | 60 | Tranquillityite | Fe++8(Zr,Y)2Ti3Si3O24 |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 1.375(68.14) | 100 | 3.550(25.06) | 100 | Julienite | Na2Co++(SCN)4•8(H2O) |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 1.687(54.34) | 90 | 2.480(36.19) | 80 | Ilmenorutile | (Ti,Nb,Fe+++)O2 |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 2.880(31.03) | 100 | 2.600(34.47) | 80 | Arsendescloizite | PbZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 5.120(17.31) | 80 | 2.900(30.81) | 80 | Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 6.400(13.83) | 90 | 3.030(29.45) | 80 | Fairfieldite | Ca2(Mn,Fe++)(PO4)2•2(H2O) |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 1.153(83.84) | 70 | 1.570(58.76) | 70 | Asbecasite | Ca3(Ti,Sn)As+++6Si2Be2O20 |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 1.933(46.97) | 40 | 2.420(37.12) | 30 | Katayamalite | (K,Na)Ca7Li3Ti2[Si6O18]2(OH,F)2 |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 1.950(46.53) | 80 | 2.280(39.49) | 80 | Miersite | (Ag,Cu)I |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 2.220(40.60) | 90 | 1.736(52.68) | 80 | Colquiriite | CaLiAlF6 |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 5.000(17.72) | 100 | 2.110(42.82) | 80 | Vanuranylite | (H3O,Ba,Ca,K)1.6(UO2)2V2O8•4(H2O) (?) |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 3.370(26.43) | 75 | 5.230(16.94) | 55 | Sazhinite-(Ce) | Na2Ce[Si6O14(OH)]•n(H2O), (n >= 1.5) |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 7.100(12.46) | 90 | 2.510(35.74) | 80 | Tsepinite-Sr | (Sr,Ba,K)(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2•3(H2O) |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 3.286(27.11) | 80 | 1.687(54.34) | 70 | Curetonite | Ba4Al3Ti(PO4)4(O,OH)6 |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 2.420(37.12) | 40 | 2.900(30.81) | 30 | Katayamalite | (K,Na)Ca7Li3Ti2[Si6O18]2(OH,F)2 |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 2.900(30.81) | 80 | 5.120(17.31) | 80 | Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 2.360(38.10) | 60 | 2.210(40.80) | 50 | Tsumoite | BiTe |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 2.280(39.49) | 80 | 1.950(46.53) | 80 | Miersite | (Ag,Cu)I |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 2.351(38.25) | 37 | 2.228(40.45) | 31 | Tellurium | Te |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 2.280(39.49) | 80 | 1.442(64.58) | 50 | Altaite | PbTe |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 1.570(58.76) | 70 | 1.153(83.84) | 70 | Asbecasite | Ca3(Ti,Sn)As+++6Si2Be2O20 |
| 3.230(27.59) | 100 | 10.500(8.41) | 100 | 4.490(19.76) | 80 | Palygorskite | (Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)•4(H2O) |