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Minerals Arranged by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
See Help on X-Ray Diffraction.
Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials. This data is represented in a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the three most intense D values in the form of tables of interplanar spacings (D), relative intensities (I/Io), mineral name and chemical formulae
The XRD technique takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample in a holder, then the sample is illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length and the intensity of the reflected radiation is recorded using a goniometer. This data is then analyzed for the reflection angle to calculate the inter-atomic spacing (D value in Angstrom units - 10-8 cm). The intensity(I) is measured to discriminate (using I ratios) the various D spacings and the results are compared to this table to identify possible matches. Note: 2 theta (Θ) angle calculated from the Bragg Equation, 2 Θ = 2(arcsin(n λ/(2d)) where n=1;
For more information about this technique, see X-Ray Analysis of a Solid or take an internet course at Birkbeck College On-line Courses. Many thanks to Frederic Biret for these data.
|
Selected X-Ray λ |
Change X-Ray λ |
D1 Å |
D2 Å |
D3 Å |
Tolerance % |
Elements |
|---|
[ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ]
| D1 Å (2θ) |
I1 %) |
D2 Å (2θ) |
I2 (%) |
D3 Å (2θ) |
I3 (%) |
Mineral | Formula |
| 2.937(30.41) | 100 | 2.702(33.13) | 90 | 2.659(33.68) | 80 | Polyphite-VII | Na17Ca3Mg(Ti,Mn)4[Si2O7]2(PO4)6O2F6 |
| 2.937(30.41) | 100 | 2.702(33.13) | 90 | 2.659(33.68) | 80 | Polyphite-VIII | Na17Ca3Mg(Ti,Mn)4[Si2O7]2(PO4)6O2F6 |
| 2.937(30.41) | 100 | 3.195(27.90) | 65 | 3.369(26.43) | 60 | Topaz | Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 |
| 2.937(30.41) | 100 | 3.888(22.85) | 51 | 7.810(11.32) | 35 | Belkovite | Ba3(Nb,Ti)6(Si2O7)2O12 |
| 2.938(30.40) | 100 | 3.100(28.77) | 100 | 2.998(29.78) | 100 | Manganbabingtonite | Ca2(Mn,Fe++)Fe+++Si5O14(OH) |
| 2.938(30.40) | 100 | 3.398(26.20) | 100 | 3.175(28.08) | 100 | Ferrilotharmeyerite | Ca(Zn,Cu++)(Fe+++,Zn)(AsO4)2(OH,H2O)2 |
| 2.938(30.40) | 100 | 3.175(28.08) | 100 | 3.398(26.20) | 100 | Ferrilotharmeyerite | Ca(Zn,Cu++)(Fe+++,Zn)(AsO4)2(OH,H2O)2 |
| 2.938(30.40) | 100 | 2.998(29.78) | 100 | 3.100(28.77) | 100 | Manganbabingtonite | Ca2(Mn,Fe++)Fe+++Si5O14(OH) |
| 2.939(30.39) | 100 | 2.640(33.93) | 100 | 11.400(7.75) | 100 | Raite | Na4Mn++4Si8(O,OH)24•9(H2O) |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 1.472(63.11) | 50 | 3.370(26.43) | 50 | Crerarite | (Pt,Pb)Bi3(S,Se)4-x (x~0.7) |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 4.430(20.03) | 90 | 2.890(30.92) | 80 | Orthojoaquinite-(Ce) | NaFe++Ba2Ce2Ti2[Si4O12]2 O2(OH)•(H2O) |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 5.920(14.95) | 60 | 4.440(19.98) | 40 | Paranatrolite | Na2[Al2Si3O10]•3(H2O) |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 6.600(13.40) | 80 | 4.670(18.99) | 70 | Mountainite | (Ca,Na2,K2)2Si4O10•3(H2O) |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 4.670(18.99) | 80 | 13.100(6.74) | 70 | Mountainite | (Ca,Na2,K2)2Si4O10•3(H2O) |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 1.813(50.28) | 100 | 1.548(59.68) | 100 | Lewisite | (Ca,Fe++,Na)2(Sb,Ti)2O7 |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 2.880(31.03) | 100 | 3.450(25.80) | 90 | Potosiite | Pb6Sn2FeSb2S14 |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 2.009(45.09) | 50 | 1.831(49.76) | 50 | IMA2008-009 | Sr5(PO4)3F |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 3.370(26.43) | 50 | 1.472(63.11) | 50 | Crerarite | (Pt,Pb)Bi3(S,Se)4-x (x~0.7) |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 3.290(27.08) | 100 | 1.650(55.66) | 80 | Bazzite | Be3(Sc,Al)2Si6O18 |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 3.107(28.71) | 90 | 3.221(27.67) | 70 | Triploidite | (Mn,Fe++)2(PO4)(OH) |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 1.710(53.55) | 90 | 2.240(40.23) | 80 | Uvanite | U++++++2V+++++6O21•15(H2O) |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 1.801(50.64) | 80 | 1.535(60.24) | 50 | Tennantite | (Cu,Fe)12As4S13 |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 1.814(50.25) | 30 | 1.837(49.58) | 25 | Kutnohorite | Ca(Mn,Mg,Fe++)(CO3)2 |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 1.831(49.76) | 50 | 2.009(45.09) | 50 | IMA2008-009 | Sr5(PO4)3F |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 1.890(48.10) | 94 | 2.190(41.19) | 86 | Woodhouseite | CaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 1.970(46.03) | 56 | 5.040(17.58) | 53 | Paratooite-(La) | REE3(Ca,Sr)2NaCu(CO3)8 |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 1.983(45.72) | 90 | 2.680(33.41) | 80 | Testibiopalladite | PdTe(Sb,Te) |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 2.478(36.22) | 48 | 2.863(31.22) | 45 | Kushiroite | CaAl2SiO6 |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 3.000(29.76) | 100 | 1.581(58.31) | 70 | Tantalaeschynite-(Y) | (Y,Ce,Ca)(Ta,Ti,Nb)2O6 |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 3.000(29.76) | 90 | 3.100(28.77) | 80 | Roeblingite | Pb2Ca6(Si6O18)(SO4)2(OH)2•4(H2O) |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 3.060(29.16) | 80 | 1.890(48.10) | 60 | Rosenbuschite | (Ca,Na)3(Zr,Ti)Si2O8F |
| 2.940(30.38) | 100 | 1.804(50.55) | 100 | 1.539(60.07) | 100 | Tazheranite | CaTiZr2O8 |
| 2.941(30.37) | 100 | 4.750(18.67) | 45 | 3.752(23.69) | 35 | Ferberite | Fe++WO4 |
| 2.941(30.37) | 100 | 3.185(27.99) | 100 | 3.824(23.24) | 94 | Mazzite-Mg | K2CaMg2(Al,Si)36O72•28(H2O) |
| 2.942(30.36) | 100 | 4.054(21.91) | 60 | 2.139(42.21) | 35 | Phosphohedyphane | Ca2Pb3(PO4)3Cl |
| 2.943(30.35) | 100 | 4.480(19.80) | 90 | 3.445(25.84) | 90 | Stillwellite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Ca)BSiO5 |
| 2.943(30.35) | 100 | 3.445(25.84) | 90 | 4.480(19.80) | 90 | Stillwellite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Ca)BSiO5 |
| 2.943(30.35) | 100 | 1.805(50.52) | 70 | 3.074(29.02) | 60 | Putzite | (Cu4.7Ag3.3)GeS6 |
| 2.944(30.34) | 100 | 3.922(22.65) | 85 | 2.813(31.78) | 30 | Plumboferrite | Pb2Fe+++(11-x)Mn++xO19-2x (x=1/3) |
| 2.944(30.34) | 100 | 2.857(31.28) | 100 | 4.625(19.17) | 100 | Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2Al5Si5O20•6(H2O) |
| 2.945(30.32) | 100 | 5.710(15.51) | 95 | 3.503(25.41) | 40 | Zairite | Bi(Fe+++,Al)3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 2.945(30.32) | 100 | 1.801(50.64) | 100 | 1.537(60.15) | 90 | Calzirtite | CaZr3TiO9 |
| 2.946(30.31) | 100 | 3.011(29.64) | 100 | 2.814(31.77) | 90 | Sahlinite | Pb14(AsO4)2O9Cl4 |
| 2.946(30.31) | 100 | 3.134(28.46) | 89 | 3.109(28.69) | 69 | Tanohataite | LiMn2Si3O8(OH) |
| 2.946(30.31) | 100 | 3.180(28.04) | 82 | 2.241(40.21) | 74 | Jadarite | LiNaB3SiO7(OH) |
| 2.946(30.31) | 100 | 2.241(40.21) | 82 | 3.152(28.29) | 74 | Jadarite | LiNaB3SiO7(OH) |
| 2.947(30.30) | 100 | 2.550(35.16) | 70 | 2.691(33.27) | 65 | Rhonite | Ca2(Mg,Fe++,Fe+++,Ti)6(Si,Al)6O20 |
| 2.948(30.29) | 100 | 2.899(30.82) | 81 | 2.503(35.85) | 66 | Gartrellite | Pb(Cu,Fe++)2(AsO4,SO4)2(CO3,H2O)0.7 |
| 2.949(30.28) | 100 | 2.830(31.59) | 80 | 2.734(32.73) | 80 | Freedite | Pb8Cu+(As+++O3)2O3Cl5 |
| 2.949(30.28) | 100 | 2.680(33.41) | 85 | 2.604(34.41) | 80 | Kirschsteinite | CaFe++SiO4 |
| 2.949(30.28) | 100 | 2.734(32.73) | 80 | 2.830(31.59) | 80 | Freedite | Pb8Cu+(As+++O3)2O3Cl5 |
| 2.949(30.28) | 100 | 3.831(23.20) | 90 | 2.572(34.85) | 76 | Julgoldite-(Fe++) | Ca2Fe++(Fe+++,Al)2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)2•(H2O) |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 1.550(59.60) | 90 | 1.810(50.37) | 90 | Yttrotantalite-(Y) | (Y,U,Fe++)(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 2.620(34.20) | 100 | 2.460(36.49) | 100 | Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn+++3-x(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 1.818(50.14) | 100 | 1.552(59.51) | 100 | Uranmicrolite | (U,Ca)2(Ta,Nb)2O6(OH) |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 1.610(57.17) | 100 | Maghemite | gamma-Fe+++2O3 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 2.070(43.69) | 80 | 3.650(24.37) | 80 | Hydroxylbastnasite-(La) | La(CO3)(OH) |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 2.860(31.25) | 100 | 1.764(51.78) | 80 | Nordite-(La) | (Na,Mn)3(Sr,Ca)(La,Ce)(Zn,Mg)Si6O17 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 2.570(34.88) | 80 | 4.800(18.47) | 70 | Julgoldite-(Fe+++) | Ca2Fe+++(Fe+++,Al)2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(O,OH)2•(H2O) |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 5.710(15.51) | 70 | 3.500(25.43) | 70 | Florencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 3.680(24.16) | 60 | 2.640(33.93) | 60 | Wegscheiderite | Na5(CO3)(HCO3)3 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 2.070(43.69) | 80 | 1.943(46.71) | 80 | Hydroxylbastnasite-(La) | La(CO3)(OH) |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 6.000(14.75) | 80 | 1.827(49.87) | 80 | Romeite | (Ca,Fe++,Mn,Na)2(Sb,Ti)2O6(O,OH,F) |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 2.140(42.19) | 100 | 1.620(56.78) | 100 | Bismutite | Bi2(CO3)O2 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 3.650(24.37) | 50 | 2.510(35.74) | 30 | Ashanite | (Nb,Ta,U,Fe,Mn)4O8 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 5.910(14.98) | 90 | 1.810(50.37) | 80 | Partzite | Cu2Sb2(O,OH)7 (?) |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 3.500(25.43) | 70 | 5.710(15.51) | 70 | Florencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 4.480(19.80) | 100 | 5.500(16.10) | 60 | Starkeyite | MgSO4•4(H2O) |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 3.920(22.66) | 90 | 2.130(42.40) | 80 | Dimorphite | As4S3 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 3.840(23.14) | 80 | 2.570(34.88) | 70 | Julgoldite-(Fe+++) | Ca2Fe+++(Fe+++,Al)2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(O,OH)2•(H2O) |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 3.780(23.52) | 80 | 2.460(36.49) | 35 | Otavite | CdCO3 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 3.510(25.35) | 60 | 5.700(15.53) | 55 | Eylettersite | (Th,Pb)1-xAl3(PO4,SiO4)2(OH)6 (?) |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 3.510(25.35) | 60 | 5.650(15.67) | 55 | Arsenoflorencite-(La) | (La,Sr)Al3(AsO4,SO4,PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 3.410(26.11) | 50 | 4.200(21.14) | 40 | Otjisumeite | PbGe4O9 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 3.510(25.35) | 60 | 5.650(15.67) | 55 | Arsenoflorencite-(Nd) | (Nd,La,Ce,Ba)(Al,Fe+++)3(AsO4,PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 3.020(29.55) | 100 | 3.090(28.87) | 25 | Yttropyrochlore-(Y) | (Y,Na,Ca,U)1-2(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH)7 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 1.810(50.37) | 90 | 1.550(59.60) | 90 | Yttrotantalite-(Y) | (Y,U,Fe++)(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 1.827(49.87) | 80 | 6.000(14.75) | 80 | Romeite | (Ca,Fe++,Mn,Na)2(Sb,Ti)2O6(O,OH,F) |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 1.943(46.71) | 80 | 2.070(43.69) | 80 | Hydroxylbastnasite-(La) | La(CO3)(OH) |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 1.954(46.43) | 50 | 3.470(25.65) | 42 | Cerite-(Ce) | Ce+++9Fe+++(SiO4)6[(SiO3)(OH)](OH)3 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 2.180(41.38) | 70 | 3.120(28.59) | 60 | Pyroxmangite | (Mn,Fe++)SiO3 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 2.640(33.93) | 60 | 3.680(24.16) | 60 | Wegscheiderite | Na5(CO3)(HCO3)3 |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 2.642(33.90) | 90 | 3.159(28.23) | 70 | Duhamelite | Pb2Cu4Bi(VO4)4(OH)3•8(H2O) |
| 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 2.870(31.14) | 60 | 3.300(27.00) | 40 | Burpalite | Na2CaZrSi2O7F2 |
| 2.951(30.26) | 100 | 2.799(31.95) | 52 | 1.835(49.64) | 46 | Cupropolybasite | [Cu6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| 2.952(30.25) | 100 | 2.448(36.68) | 100 | 4.370(20.30) | 70 | Purpurite | Mn+++PO4 |
| 2.952(30.25) | 100 | 2.622(34.17) | 68 | 4.506(19.69) | 65 | Yedlinite | Pb6CrCl6(O,OH)8 |
| 2.953(30.24) | 100 | 4.960(17.87) | 25 | 3.360(26.51) | 25 | Foshagite | Ca4Si3O9(OH)2 |
| 2.953(30.24) | 100 | 3.360(26.51) | 25 | 4.960(17.87) | 25 | Foshagite | Ca4Si3O9(OH)2 |
| 2.955(30.22) | 100 | 1.723(53.11) | 90 | 1.535(60.24) | 90 | Columbite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe++,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 |
| 2.955(30.22) | 100 | 4.360(20.35) | 92 | 3.705(24.00) | 90 | Ancylite-(La) | Sr(La,Ce)(CO3)2(OH)•(H2O) |
| 2.955(30.22) | 100 | 1.535(60.24) | 90 | 1.723(53.11) | 90 | Columbite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe++,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 |
| 2.956(30.21) | 100 | 2.756(32.46) | 94 | 2.756(32.46) | 87 | Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn+++(Al,Mn+++,Fe+++)10(Mg,Mn++)2Si18O69(OH)9 |
| 2.957(30.20) | 100 | 2.990(29.86) | 80 | 2.065(43.80) | 70 | Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| 2.957(30.20) | 100 | 1.627(56.52) | 60 | 2.752(32.51) | 60 | Asisite | Pb12(SiO4)O8Cl4 |
| 2.957(30.20) | 100 | 2.752(32.51) | 60 | 1.627(56.52) | 60 | Asisite | Pb12(SiO4)O8Cl4 |
| 2.958(30.19) | 100 | 2.812(31.80) | 100 | 3.006(29.70) | 100 | Kombatite | Pb14(VO4)2O9Cl4 |
| 2.958(30.19) | 100 | 3.470(25.65) | 40 | 3.310(26.91) | 38 | Cerite-(La) | (La,Ce,Ca)9(Mg,Fe+++)(SiO4)6[SiO3(OH)](OH)3 |
| 2.958(30.19) | 100 | 2.870(31.14) | 65 | 2.511(35.73) | 40 | Kosmochlor | NaCr+++Si2O6 |
| 2.958(30.19) | 100 | 4.850(18.28) | 90 | 4.910(18.05) | 84 | Meridianiite | MgSO4•11H2O |
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