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Minerals Arranged by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
See Help on X-Ray Diffraction.
Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials. This data is represented in a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the three most intense D values in the form of tables of interplanar spacings (D), relative intensities (I/Io), mineral name and chemical formulae
The XRD technique takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample in a holder, then the sample is illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length and the intensity of the reflected radiation is recorded using a goniometer. This data is then analyzed for the reflection angle to calculate the inter-atomic spacing (D value in Angstrom units - 10-8 cm). The intensity(I) is measured to discriminate (using I ratios) the various D spacings and the results are compared to this table to identify possible matches. Note: 2 theta (Θ) angle calculated from the Bragg Equation, 2 Θ = 2(arcsin(n λ/(2d)) where n=1;
For more information about this technique, see X-Ray Analysis of a Solid or take an internet course at Birkbeck College On-line Courses. Many thanks to Frederic Biret for these data.
|
Selected X-Ray λ |
Change X-Ray λ |
D1 Å |
D2 Å |
D3 Å |
Tolerance % |
Elements |
|---|
| D1 Å (2θ) |
I1 %) |
D2 Å (2θ) |
I2 (%) |
D3 Å (2θ) |
I3 (%) |
Mineral | Formula |
| 2.445(36.73) | 100 | 2.011(45.04) | 85 | 2.010(45.07) | 61 | Khmaralite | (Mg,Al,Fe)16(Al,Si,Be)12O40 |
| 2.445(36.73) | 100 | 4.820(18.39) | 100 | 9.600(9.20) | 100 | Asbolane | (Co,Ni)1-y(Mn++++O2)2-x(OH)2-2y+2x•n(H2O) |
| 2.445(36.73) | 100 | 9.600(9.20) | 100 | 4.820(18.39) | 100 | Asbolane | (Co,Ni)1-y(Mn++++O2)2-x(OH)2-2y+2x•n(H2O) |
| 2.447(36.70) | 100 | 1.434(64.98) | 58 | 2.028(44.65) | 58 | Ringwoodite | Mg2SiO4 |
| 2.447(36.70) | 100 | 2.028(44.65) | 58 | 1.434(64.98) | 58 | Ringwoodite | Mg2SiO4 |
| 2.448(36.68) | 100 | 2.952(30.25) | 100 | 4.370(20.30) | 70 | Purpurite | Mn+++PO4 |
| 2.450(36.65) | 100 | 4.900(18.09) | 90 | 2.970(30.06) | 90 | Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 2.450(36.65) | 100 | 2.250(40.04) | 60 | 1.970(46.03) | 60 | Ferrihydrite | Fe+++2O3•0.5(H2O) |
| 2.450(36.65) | 100 | 4.720(18.78) | 90 | 1.826(49.90) | 60 | Pyrochroite | Mn(OH)2 |
| 2.450(36.65) | 100 | 2.970(30.06) | 90 | 4.900(18.09) | 90 | Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 2.450(36.65) | 100 | 2.680(33.41) | 100 | 1.806(50.49) | 90 | Penroseite | (Ni,Co,Cu)Se2 |
| 2.450(36.65) | 100 | 2.040(44.37) | 70 | 1.440(64.68) | 60 | Wadsleyite | (Mg,Fe++)2SiO4 |
| 2.450(36.65) | 100 | 1.970(46.03) | 60 | 2.250(40.04) | 60 | Ferrihydrite | Fe+++2O3•0.5(H2O) |
| 2.452(36.62) | 100 | 4.310(20.59) | 90 | 3.460(25.73) | 85 | Heterosite | Fe+++PO4 |
| 2.453(36.60) | 100 | 2.589(34.62) | 50 | 2.743(32.62) | 90 | Fluorvesuvianite | Ca19(Al,Mg)13[SiO4]10[Si2O7]4(F,OH)10 |
| 2.456(36.56) | 100 | 1.720(53.21) | 100 | 4.230(20.98) | 100 | Hisingerite | Fe+++2Si2O5(OH)4•2(H2O) |
| 2.458(36.53) | 100 | 3.883(22.88) | 70 | 2.512(35.71) | 70 | Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
| 2.458(36.53) | 100 | 2.929(30.49) | 58 | 3.388(26.28) | 56 | Clinobarylite | BaBe2Si2O7 |
| 2.458(36.53) | 100 | 2.512(35.71) | 70 | 3.883(22.88) | 70 | Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
| 2.460(36.49) | 100 | 1.441(64.63) | 42 | 1.569(58.80) | 36 | Hercynite | Fe++Al2O4 |
| 2.460(36.49) | 100 | 2.620(34.20) | 100 | 2.950(30.27) | 100 | Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn+++3-x(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| 2.460(36.49) | 100 | 2.950(30.27) | 100 | 2.620(34.20) | 100 | Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn+++3-x(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| 2.462(36.46) | 100 | 2.707(33.06) | 90 | 3.040(29.36) | 80 | Hetaerolite | ZnMn+++2O4 |
| 2.465(36.42) | 100 | 2.135(42.30) | 37 | 1.510(61.34) | 27 | Cuprite | Cu2O |
| 2.470(36.34) | 100 | 2.660(33.67) | 80 | 3.020(29.55) | 70 | Hydrohetaerolite | Zn2Mn+++4O8•(H2O) |
| 2.470(36.34) | 100 | 1.646(55.81) | 45 | 2.850(31.36) | 40 | Mcconnellite | CuCrO2 |
| 2.472(36.31) | 100 | 2.260(39.86) | 90 | 2.022(44.79) | 60 | Oulankaite | (Pd,Pt)5(Cu,Fe)4SnTe2S2 |
| 2.473(36.30) | 100 | 2.840(31.47) | 80 | 3.520(25.28) | 70 | Satterlyite | (Fe++,Mg)2(PO4)(OH) |
| 2.476(36.25) | 100 | 2.816(31.75) | 71 | 2.602(34.44) | 56 | Zincite | (Zn,Mn)O |
| 2.477(36.24) | 100 | 2.626(34.11) | 100 | 2.429(36.98) | 80 | Menshikovite | Pd3Ni2As3 |
| 2.480(36.19) | 100 | 1.755(52.07) | 100 | 3.000(29.76) | 80 | Trustedtite | Ni3Se4 |
| 2.480(36.19) | 100 | 1.450(64.18) | 100 | 2.043(44.30) | 90 | Bityite | CaLiAl2(AlBeSi2)O10(OH)2 |
| 2.480(36.19) | 100 | 2.690(33.28) | 100 | 8.000(11.05) | 80 | Northupite | Na3Mg(CO3)2Cl |
| 2.480(36.19) | 100 | 4.020(22.09) | 100 | 2.760(32.41) | 90 | Chkalovite | Na2BeSi2O6 |
| 2.480(36.19) | 100 | 4.300(20.64) | 90 | 2.930(30.48) | 80 | Simferite | Li(Mg,Fe+++,Mn+++)2(PO4)2 |
| 2.485(36.12) | 100 | 1.506(61.52) | 100 | 1.483(62.58) | 90 | Manganoneptunite | KNa2Li(Mn,Fe++)2Ti2Si8O24 |
| 2.489(36.06) | 100 | 2.562(34.99) | 100 | 4.720(18.78) | 100 | Cornubite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| 2.489(36.06) | 100 | 4.720(18.78) | 100 | 2.562(34.99) | 100 | Cornubite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| 2.490(36.04) | 100 | 2.770(32.29) | 90 | 1.544(59.85) | 80 | Hausmannite | Mn++Mn+++2O4 |
| 2.490(36.04) | 100 | 1.466(63.39) | 70 | 1.593(57.83) | 60 | Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 |
| 2.490(36.04) | 100 | 3.336(26.70) | 100 | 4.800(18.47) | 80 | Parakhinite | Cu++3PbTe++++++O4(OH)6 |
| 2.491(36.03) | 100 | 3.451(25.79) | 90 | 4.866(18.22) | 80 | Khinite | PbCu++3Te++++++O6(OH)2 |
| 2.492(36.01) | 100 | 2.921(30.58) | 60 | 1.460(63.69) | 45 | Galaxite | (Mn,Mg)(Al,Fe+++)2O4 |
| 2.494(35.98) | 100 | 2.628(34.09) | 59 | 2.890(30.92) | 50 | Eucairite | CuAgSe |
| 2.500(35.89) | 100 | 2.070(43.69) | 80 | 2.930(30.48) | 60 | Coulsonite | Fe++V+++2O4 |
| 2.500(35.89) | 100 | 2.950(30.27) | 90 | 2.550(35.16) | 70 | Furutobeite | (Cu,Ag)6PbS4 |
| 2.500(35.89) | 100 | 1.900(47.83) | 100 | 2.600(34.47) | 100 | Hastite | CoSe2 |
| 2.501(35.88) | 100 | 2.655(33.73) | 90 | 2.893(30.88) | 80 | Krinovite | NaMg2CrSi3O10 |
| 2.501(35.88) | 100 | 4.520(19.62) | 85 | 14.200(6.22) | 80 | Sudoite | Mg2(Al,Fe+++)3Si3AlO10(OH)8 |
| 2.505(35.82) | 100 | 2.648(33.82) | 80 | 2.812(31.80) | 60 | Hibonite | (Ca,Ce)(Al,Ti,Mg)12O19 |
| 2.508(35.77) | 100 | 1.512(61.25) | 40 | 2.860(31.25) | 35 | Delafossite | Cu+Fe+++O2 |
| 2.510(35.74) | 100 | 2.700(33.15) | 90 | 5.420(16.34) | 80 | Pinakiolite | Mg2Mn+++O2(BO3) |
| 2.510(35.74) | 100 | 2.950(30.27) | 55 | 1.472(63.11) | 50 | Nichromite | (Ni,Co,Fe++)(Cr,Fe+++,Al)2O4 |
| 2.510(35.74) | 100 | 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 2.810(31.82) | 60 | Terlinguaite | Hg+Hg++ClO |
| 2.510(35.74) | 100 | 6.000(14.75) | 55 | 2.590(34.60) | 45 | Rinneite | K3NaFe++Cl6 |
| 2.510(35.74) | 100 | 2.650(33.80) | 90 | 2.570(34.88) | 80 | Pirssonite | Na2Ca(CO3)2•2(H2O) |
| 2.511(35.73) | 94 | 1.878(48.43) | 90 | 2.833(31.55) | 44 | Qusongite | WC |
| 2.512(35.71) | 100 | 1.472(63.11) | 45 | 2.947(30.30) | 35 | Cochromite | (Co,Ni,Fe++)(Cr,Al)2O4 |
| 2.513(35.70) | 100 | 1.476(62.92) | 40 | 1.605(57.36) | 30 | Trevorite | NiFe+++2O4 |
| 2.513(35.70) | 100 | 3.421(26.02) | 70 | 5.920(14.95) | 60 | Weinebeneite | CaBe3(PO4)2(OH)2•5(H2O) |
| 2.514(35.68) | 100 | 2.548(35.19) | 100 | 5.100(17.37) | 50 | Bonaccordite | Ni2Fe+++BO5 |
| 2.517(35.64) | 100 | 1.479(62.77) | 60 | 2.960(30.17) | 50 | Cuprospinel | (Cu,Mg)Fe+++2O4 |
| 2.518(35.63) | 100 | 4.063(21.86) | 80 | 2.983(29.93) | 60 | Terlinguacreekite | Hg++3O2Cl2 |
| 2.519(35.61) | 100 | 2.954(30.23) | 50 | 1.476(62.92) | 35 | Zincochromite | ZnCr2O4 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 3.100(28.77) | 100 | 2.830(31.59) | 90 | Homilite | Ca2(Fe++,Mg)B2Si2O10 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 3.470(25.65) | 90 | 2.780(32.17) | 80 | Laihunite | Fe++Fe+++2(SiO4)2 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 4.840(18.31) | 90 | 1.582(58.27) | 90 | Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV+++2O4 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 40 | 3.410(26.11) | 40 | 9.970(8.86) | 40 | Montdorite | (K,Na)(Fe++,Mn++,Mg)2.5[Si4O10](F,OH)2 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 1.610(57.17) | 100 | 2.950(30.27) | 100 | Maghemite | gamma-Fe+++2O3 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 2.960(30.17) | 100 | 2.870(31.14) | 80 | Natalyite | Na(V+++,Cr+++)Si2O6 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 2.670(33.54) | 100 | 2.980(29.96) | 100 | Hydrohalite | NaCl•2(H2O) |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 2.320(38.78) | 96 | 2.530(35.45) | 49 | Tenorite | CuO |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 1.582(58.27) | 90 | 4.840(18.31) | 90 | Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV+++2O4 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 1.460(63.69) | 90 | 1.600(57.56) | 90 | Chromite | Fe++Cr2O4 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 1.600(57.56) | 90 | 1.460(63.69) | 90 | Chromite | Fe++Cr2O4 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 5.760(15.37) | 100 | 3.700(24.03) | 80 | Painite | CaZrB[Al9O18] |
| 2.520(35.60) | 40 | 9.970(8.86) | 40 | 3.410(26.11) | 40 | Montdorite | (K,Na)(Fe++,Mn++,Mg)2.5[Si4O10](F,OH)2 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 2.980(29.96) | 100 | 2.670(33.54) | 100 | Hydrohalite | NaCl•2(H2O) |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 3.546(25.09) | 100 | 7.120(12.42) | 100 | Berthierine | (Fe++,Fe+++,Al,Mg)2-3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 |
| 2.521(35.58) | 100 | 3.900(22.78) | 85 | 2.678(33.43) | 50 | Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 2.522(35.57) | 100 | 1.550(59.60) | 100 | 1.805(50.52) | 92 | Sabelliite | Cu2Zn(As,Sb)O4(OH)3 |
| 2.522(35.57) | 100 | 4.390(20.21) | 90 | 3.203(27.83) | 80 | Paragonite | NaAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 |
| 2.522(35.57) | 100 | 1.497(61.93) | 54 | 2.673(33.50) | 44 | Rinmanite | (Zn,Mn)2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2 |
| 2.523(35.55) | 100 | 2.227(40.47) | 100 | 2.221(40.59) | 100 | Belendorffite | Cu7Hg6 |
| 2.525(35.52) | 100 | 2.960(30.17) | 40 | 1.481(62.68) | 35 | Magnesioferrite | MgFe+++2O4 |
| 2.529(35.47) | 100 | 8.048(10.98) | 90 | 2.098(43.08) | 63 | Hogtuvaite | (Ca,Na)2(Fe++,Fe+++,Ti,Mg,Mn)6(Si,Be,Al)6O20 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 1.614(57.01) | 85 | 1.483(62.58) | 85 | Magnetite | Fe++Fe+++2O4 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 1.483(62.58) | 85 | 1.614(57.01) | 85 | Magnetite | Fe++Fe+++2O4 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 1.486(62.44) | 60 | 1.617(56.90) | 50 | Qandilite | (Mg,Fe++)2(Ti,Fe+++,Al)O4 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 2.560(35.02) | 80 | 2.900(30.81) | 80 | Serendibite | Ca2(Mg,Al)6(Si,Al,B)6O20 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 2.676(33.46) | 77 | 2.924(30.55) | 69 | Makarochkinite | Ca2Fe++4Fe+++TiSi4BeAlO20 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 2.750(32.53) | 80 | 3.460(25.73) | 80 | Xanthiosite | Ni3(AsO4)2 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 2.810(31.82) | 70 | 4.860(18.24) | 60 | Kuznetsovite | Hg3Cl(AsO4) |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 2.910(30.70) | 70 | 7.324(12.07) | 70 | Welshite | Ca4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36] |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 2.910(30.70) | 100 | 3.730(23.84) | 80 | Thalcusite | TlCu3FeS4 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 3.160(28.22) | 100 | 3.300(27.00) | 100 | Odintsovite | K2Na4Ca3Ti2Be4Si12O38 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 4.500(19.71) | 89 | 3.160(28.22) | 72 | Potassicleakeite | KNa2Mg2Fe+++2LiSi8O22(OH)2 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 3.460(25.73) | 80 | 2.750(32.53) | 80 | Xanthiosite | Ni3(AsO4)2 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 7.324(12.07) | 70 | 2.910(30.70) | 70 | Welshite | Ca4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36] |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 2.900(30.81) | 80 | 2.560(35.02) | 80 | Serendibite | Ca2(Mg,Al)6(Si,Al,B)6O20 |