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Konev A , Pasero M , Pushcharovsky D , Merlino S , Kashaev A , Suvorova L , Ushchapovskaya Z , Nartova N , Lebedeva Y , Chukanov N , European Journal of Mineralogy , 17 (2005) p.715-721, Biraite-(Ce), Ce2Fe2+(CO3)(Si2O7), a new mineral from Siberia, with a novel structure type, Locality: Biraia deposit, Irkutsk district, Siberia, Russia
Physical Properties of Biraite-(Ce)
Color:
Brown.
Diaphaneity:
Translucent
Fracture:
Brittle - Generally displayed by glasses and most non-metallic minerals.
Habit:
Irregular Grains - Occurs as splotchy, anhedral crystals forming inclusions in other minerals or rocks.
Hardness:
5 - Apatite
Luster:
Vitreous (Glassy)
Streak:
white
Optical Properties of Biraite-(Ce)
Gladstone-Dale:
CI calc= -0.004 (Superior) - where the CI = (1-KPDcalc/KC) KPDcalc= 0.1695,KC= 0.1688 Ncalc = 1.8
Optical Data:
Biaxial (-), a=1.785, b=1.81, g=1.82, bire=0.0350, 2V(Calc)=62, 2V(Meas)=66. Dispersion r < v weak.
Calculated Properties of Biraite-(Ce)
Electron Density:
Bulk Density (Electron Density)=4.31 gm/cc note: Specific Gravity of Biraite-(Ce) =4.75 gm/cc.
Fermion Index:
Fermion Index = 0.02 Boson Index = 0.98
Photoelectric:
PEBiraite-(Ce) = 256.42 barns/electron U=PEBiraite-(Ce) x relectron=1,105.76 barns/cc.
Radioactivity:
GRapi = 47,904.25 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units)
Concentration of Biraite-(Ce) per GRapi unit = 20.87 (PPM)
Biraite-(Ce) is Radioactive as defined in 49 CFR 173.403. Greater than 70 Bq / gram.
Estimated Exposure (mRem**)/hr If Held in Hand For One Hour
1000 gm / 7.38 cm
1,108,119
2.99E-05
47,904.25
15.75
100 gm / 3.43 cm
110,812
2.99E-06
4,790.42
1.57
10 gm / 1.59 cm
11,081
2.99E-07
479.04
0.16
1 gm / 7.38 mm
1,108
2.99E-08
47.90
0.02
0.1 gm / 3.43 mm
111
2.99E-09
4.79
0.00
0.01 gm / 1.59 mm
11
2.99E-10
0.48
0.00
0.001 gm / 0.74 mm
1
2.99E-11
0.05
0.00
Weight of pure Biraite-(Ce) in grams (gm) and Calculated Diameter of a Sphere with a Density of 4.75 gm/cc.*
Goverment Estimate of Average Annual Exposure (
360 mRem)
** Note: 10 microsieverts/hr = 1 mRem/hr **
Max Permissable Adult Dose 50,000 mRem/yr (hands), 15,000 mRem/yr (eyes)
Lethal Dose LD(50) Exposure 400,000 to 500,000 mRem
Estimated Thorium Activity ( 2.47 % Th) From Sum REE Elements (49.44 % REE)
Biraite-(Ce) Classification
Dana Class:
56.05.02.01(56)Sorosilicate Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F. and H2O