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Minerals Arranged by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
See Help on X-Ray Diffraction.
Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials. This data is represented in a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the three most intense D values in the form of tables of interplanar spacings (D), relative intensities (I/Io), mineral name and chemical formulae
The XRD technique takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample in a holder, then the sample is illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length and the intensity of the reflected radiation is recorded using a goniometer. This data is then analyzed for the reflection angle to calculate the inter-atomic spacing (D value in Angstrom units - 10-8 cm). The intensity(I) is measured to discriminate (using I ratios) the various D spacings and the results are compared to this table to identify possible matches. Note: 2 theta (Θ) angle calculated from the Bragg Equation, 2 Θ = 2(arcsin(n λ/(2d)) where n=1;
For more information about this technique, see X-Ray Analysis of a Solid or take an internet course at Birkbeck College On-line Courses. Many thanks to Frederic Biret for these data.
|
Selected X-Ray λ |
Change X-Ray λ |
D1 Å |
D2 Å |
D3 Å |
Tolerance % |
Elements |
|---|
| D1 Å (2θ) |
I1 %) |
D2 Å (2θ) |
I2 (%) |
D3 Å (2θ) |
I3 (%) |
Mineral | Formula |
| 2.505(35.82) | 100 | 2.648(33.82) | 80 | 2.812(31.80) | 60 | Hibonite | (Ca,Ce)(Al,Ti,Mg)12O19 |
| 2.508(35.77) | 100 | 1.512(61.25) | 40 | 2.860(31.25) | 35 | Delafossite | Cu+Fe+++O2 |
| 2.510(35.74) | 100 | 6.000(14.75) | 55 | 2.590(34.60) | 45 | Rinneite | K3NaFe++Cl6 |
| 2.510(35.74) | 100 | 3.260(27.33) | 100 | 2.810(31.82) | 60 | Terlinguaite | Hg+Hg++ClO |
| 2.510(35.74) | 100 | 2.950(30.27) | 55 | 1.472(63.11) | 50 | Nichromite | (Ni,Co,Fe++)(Cr,Fe+++,Al)2O4 |
| 2.510(35.74) | 100 | 2.700(33.15) | 90 | 5.420(16.34) | 80 | Pinakiolite | Mg2Mn+++O2(BO3) |
| 2.510(35.74) | 100 | 2.650(33.80) | 90 | 2.570(34.88) | 80 | Pirssonite | Na2Ca(CO3)2•2(H2O) |
| 2.511(35.73) | 94 | 1.878(48.43) | 90 | 2.833(31.55) | 44 | Qusongite | WC |
| 2.512(35.71) | 100 | 1.472(63.11) | 45 | 2.947(30.30) | 35 | Cochromite | (Co,Ni,Fe++)(Cr,Al)2O4 |
| 2.513(35.70) | 100 | 1.476(62.92) | 40 | 1.605(57.36) | 30 | Trevorite | NiFe+++2O4 |
| 2.513(35.70) | 100 | 3.421(26.02) | 70 | 5.920(14.95) | 60 | Weinebeneite | CaBe3(PO4)2(OH)2•5(H2O) |
| 2.514(35.68) | 100 | 2.548(35.19) | 100 | 5.100(17.37) | 50 | Bonaccordite | Ni2Fe+++BO5 |
| 2.517(35.64) | 100 | 1.479(62.77) | 60 | 2.960(30.17) | 50 | Cuprospinel | (Cu,Mg)Fe+++2O4 |
| 2.518(35.63) | 100 | 4.063(21.86) | 80 | 2.983(29.93) | 60 | Terlinguacreekite | Hg++3O2Cl2 |
| 2.519(35.61) | 100 | 2.954(30.23) | 50 | 1.476(62.92) | 35 | Zincochromite | ZnCr2O4 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 1.610(57.17) | 100 | 2.950(30.27) | 100 | Maghemite | gamma-Fe+++2O3 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 4.840(18.31) | 90 | 1.582(58.27) | 90 | Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV+++2O4 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 1.600(57.56) | 90 | 1.460(63.69) | 90 | Chromite | Fe++Cr2O4 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 40 | 9.970(8.86) | 40 | 3.410(26.11) | 40 | Montdorite | (K,Na)(Fe++,Mn++,Mg)2.5[Si4O10](F,OH)2 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 2.980(29.96) | 100 | 2.670(33.54) | 100 | Hydrohalite | NaCl•2(H2O) |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 3.546(25.09) | 100 | 7.120(12.42) | 100 | Berthierine | (Fe++,Fe+++,Al,Mg)2-3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 5.760(15.37) | 100 | 3.700(24.03) | 80 | Painite | CaZrB[Al9O18] |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 3.470(25.65) | 90 | 2.780(32.17) | 80 | Laihunite | Fe++Fe+++2(SiO4)2 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 40 | 3.410(26.11) | 40 | 9.970(8.86) | 40 | Montdorite | (K,Na)(Fe++,Mn++,Mg)2.5[Si4O10](F,OH)2 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 1.460(63.69) | 90 | 1.600(57.56) | 90 | Chromite | Fe++Cr2O4 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 1.582(58.27) | 90 | 4.840(18.31) | 90 | Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV+++2O4 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 2.320(38.78) | 96 | 2.530(35.45) | 49 | Tenorite | CuO |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 2.670(33.54) | 100 | 2.980(29.96) | 100 | Hydrohalite | NaCl•2(H2O) |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 2.960(30.17) | 100 | 2.870(31.14) | 80 | Natalyite | Na(V+++,Cr+++)Si2O6 |
| 2.520(35.60) | 100 | 3.100(28.77) | 100 | 2.830(31.59) | 90 | Homilite | Ca2(Fe++,Mg)B2Si2O10 |
| 2.521(35.58) | 100 | 3.900(22.78) | 85 | 2.678(33.43) | 50 | Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 2.522(35.57) | 100 | 1.550(59.60) | 100 | 1.805(50.52) | 92 | Sabelliite | Cu2Zn(As,Sb)O4(OH)3 |
| 2.522(35.57) | 100 | 1.497(61.93) | 54 | 2.673(33.50) | 44 | Rinmanite | (Zn,Mn)2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2 |
| 2.522(35.57) | 100 | 4.390(20.21) | 90 | 3.203(27.83) | 80 | Paragonite | NaAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 |
| 2.523(35.55) | 100 | 2.227(40.47) | 100 | 2.221(40.59) | 100 | Belendorffite | Cu7Hg6 |
| 2.525(35.52) | 100 | 2.960(30.17) | 40 | 1.481(62.68) | 35 | Magnesioferrite | MgFe+++2O4 |
| 2.529(35.47) | 100 | 8.048(10.98) | 90 | 2.098(43.08) | 63 | Hogtuvaite | (Ca,Na)2(Fe++,Fe+++,Ti,Mg,Mn)6(Si,Be,Al)6O20 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 7.324(12.07) | 70 | 2.910(30.70) | 70 | Welshite | Ca4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36] |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 2.900(30.81) | 80 | 2.560(35.02) | 80 | Serendibite | Ca2(Mg,Al)6(Si,Al,B)6O20 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 3.460(25.73) | 80 | 2.750(32.53) | 80 | Xanthiosite | Ni3(AsO4)2 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 3.300(27.00) | 100 | 3.160(28.22) | 100 | Odintsovite | K2Na4Ca3Ti2Be4Si12O38 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 1.614(57.01) | 85 | 1.483(62.58) | 85 | Magnetite | Fe++Fe+++2O4 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 2.810(31.82) | 70 | 4.860(18.24) | 60 | Kuznetsovite | Hg3Cl(AsO4) |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 2.750(32.53) | 80 | 3.460(25.73) | 80 | Xanthiosite | Ni3(AsO4)2 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 2.560(35.02) | 80 | 2.900(30.81) | 80 | Serendibite | Ca2(Mg,Al)6(Si,Al,B)6O20 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 1.486(62.44) | 60 | 1.617(56.90) | 50 | Qandilite | (Mg,Fe++)2(Ti,Fe+++,Al)O4 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 2.676(33.46) | 77 | 2.924(30.55) | 69 | Makarochkinite | Ca2Fe++4Fe+++TiSi4BeAlO20 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 1.483(62.58) | 85 | 1.614(57.01) | 85 | Magnetite | Fe++Fe+++2O4 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 2.910(30.70) | 100 | 3.730(23.84) | 80 | Thalcusite | TlCu3FeS4 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 3.160(28.22) | 100 | 3.300(27.00) | 100 | Odintsovite | K2Na4Ca3Ti2Be4Si12O38 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 4.500(19.71) | 89 | 3.160(28.22) | 72 | Potassicleakeite | KNa2Mg2Fe+++2LiSi8O22(OH)2 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 7.290(12.13) | 100 | 3.610(24.64) | 80 | Antigorite | (Mg,Fe++)3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| 2.530(35.45) | 100 | 2.910(30.70) | 70 | 7.324(12.07) | 70 | Welshite | Ca4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36] |
| 2.531(35.44) | 100 | 2.427(37.01) | 80 | 2.422(37.09) | 80 | Clinosafflorite | (Co,Fe,Ni)As2 |
| 2.531(35.44) | 100 | 2.422(37.09) | 80 | 2.427(37.01) | 80 | Clinosafflorite | (Co,Fe,Ni)As2 |
| 2.531(35.44) | 100 | 2.892(30.89) | 70 | 4.139(21.45) | 50 | Abhurite | Sn3O(OH)2Cl2 |
| 2.532(35.42) | 100 | 2.001(45.28) | 54 | 2.618(34.22) | 50 | Aluminomagnesiohulsite | Mg2(Al,Mg,Sn)(BO3)O2 |
| 2.532(35.42) | 100 | 4.390(20.21) | 80 | 2.774(32.24) | 80 | Reederite-(Y) | Na15Y2(CO3)9(SO3F)Cl |
| 2.532(35.42) | 100 | 2.774(32.24) | 80 | 4.390(20.21) | 80 | Reederite-(Y) | Na15Y2(CO3)9(SO3F)Cl |
| 2.533(35.41) | 100 | 1.462(63.59) | 35 | 2.720(32.90) | 35 | Macaulayite | (Fe+++,Al)24Si4O43(OH)2 |
| 2.533(35.41) | 100 | 2.720(32.90) | 35 | 1.462(63.59) | 35 | Macaulayite | (Fe+++,Al)24Si4O43(OH)2 |
| 2.535(35.38) | 100 | 3.502(25.41) | 85 | 7.000(12.64) | 85 | Kellyite | (Mn++,Mg,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 |
| 2.535(35.38) | 100 | 7.000(12.64) | 85 | 3.502(25.41) | 85 | Kellyite | (Mn++,Mg,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 |
| 2.536(35.36) | 100 | 2.714(32.98) | 87 | 3.361(26.50) | 71 | Fangite | Tl3AsS4 |
| 2.537(35.35) | 100 | 2.550(35.16) | 85 | 8.438(10.48) | 80 | IMA2008-048 | Zn6(PO4)4•7H2O |
| 2.540(35.31) | 100 | 4.290(20.69) | 90 | 3.510(25.35) | 90 | Triphylite | LiFe++PO4 |
| 2.540(35.31) | 100 | 5.900(15.00) | 63 | 1.800(50.67) | 63 | Lawrencite | (Fe++,Ni)Cl2 |
| 2.540(35.31) | 100 | 3.528(25.22) | 100 | 2.816(31.75) | 100 | Junitoite | CaZn2Si2O7•(H2O) |
| 2.540(35.31) | 100 | 1.800(50.67) | 63 | 5.900(15.00) | 63 | Lawrencite | (Fe++,Ni)Cl2 |
| 2.540(35.31) | 100 | 1.484(62.54) | 90 | 1.615(56.97) | 70 | Brunogeierite | (Ge++,Fe++)Fe+++2O4 |
| 2.540(35.31) | 100 | 4.670(18.99) | 90 | 5.210(17.00) | 80 | Nastrophite | Na(Sr,Ba)(PO4)•9(H2O) |
| 2.540(35.31) | 100 | 3.510(25.35) | 90 | 4.290(20.69) | 90 | Triphylite | LiFe++PO4 |
| 2.540(35.31) | 100 | 2.816(31.75) | 100 | 3.528(25.22) | 100 | Junitoite | CaZn2Si2O7•(H2O) |
| 2.540(35.31) | 100 | 2.650(33.80) | 85 | 3.890(22.84) | 48 | Radtkeite | Hg3S2ClI |
| 2.540(35.31) | 100 | 1.470(63.20) | 80 | 2.230(40.41) | 50 | Feroxyhyte | Fe+++O(OH) |
| 2.545(35.24) | 100 | 2.828(31.61) | 88 | 3.188(27.96) | 85 | Cobaltlotharmeyerite | Ca(Co,Fe,Ni)2(AsO4)2(OH,H2O)2 |
| 2.545(35.24) | 100 | 2.325(38.70) | 90 | 1.716(53.34) | 80 | Gersdorffite | NiAsS |
| 2.545(35.24) | 100 | 2.640(33.93) | 100 | 2.935(30.43) | 80 | Kullerudite | NiSe2 |
| 2.547(35.21) | 100 | 5.090(17.41) | 70 | 5.750(15.40) | 70 | Donharrisite | Ni8Hg3S9 |
| 2.547(35.21) | 100 | 5.750(15.40) | 70 | 5.090(17.41) | 70 | Donharrisite | Ni8Hg3S9 |
| 2.547(35.21) | 100 | 1.486(62.44) | 90 | 4.456(19.91) | 90 | Saliotite | Na0.5Li0.5Al3AlSi3O10(OH)5 |
| 2.547(35.21) | 100 | 4.456(19.91) | 90 | 1.486(62.44) | 90 | Saliotite | Na0.5Li0.5Al3AlSi3O10(OH)5 |
| 2.548(35.19) | 100 | 3.051(29.25) | 90 | 3.516(25.31) | 50 | Lithiophilite | LiMnPO4 |
| 2.548(35.19) | 100 | 2.514(35.68) | 100 | 5.100(17.37) | 50 | Bonaccordite | Ni2Fe+++BO5 |
| 2.549(35.18) | 100 | 5.890(15.03) | 90 | 5.090(17.41) | 90 | Dumortierite | Al6.5-7(BO3)(SiO4)3(O,OH)3 |
| 2.549(35.18) | 100 | 5.090(17.41) | 90 | 5.890(15.03) | 90 | Dumortierite | Al6.5-7(BO3)(SiO4)3(O,OH)3 |
| 2.550(35.16) | 100 | 3.890(22.84) | 100 | 2.810(31.82) | 80 | Fiedlerite | Pb3Cl4F(OH)2 |
| 2.550(35.16) | 100 | 3.390(26.27) | 46 | 4.860(18.24) | 37 | Schwertmannite | Fe+++16O16(OH)12(SO4)2 |
| 2.550(35.16) | 100 | 3.080(28.97) | 100 | 3.480(25.58) | 90 | Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| 2.550(35.16) | 100 | 4.160(21.34) | 100 | 12.300(7.18) | 100 | Stilpnomelane | K(Fe++,Mg,Fe+++)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27•n(H2O) |
| 2.550(35.16) | 100 | 2.980(29.96) | 100 | 1.955(46.41) | 90 | Balkanite | Cu9Ag5HgS8 |
| 2.550(35.16) | 100 | 2.890(30.92) | 90 | 2.600(34.47) | 80 | Nierite | Si3N4 |
| 2.550(35.16) | 100 | 12.300(7.18) | 100 | 4.160(21.34) | 100 | Stilpnomelane | K(Fe++,Mg,Fe+++)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27•n(H2O) |
| 2.550(35.16) | 100 | 2.610(34.33) | 100 | 4.520(19.62) | 100 | Beidellite | Na0.5Al2(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2•n(H2O) |
| 2.550(35.16) | 100 | 2.740(32.65) | 90 | 2.800(31.94) | 80 | Langbanite | (Mn,Ca,Fe)++4(Mn+++,Fe+++)9Sb+++++Si2O24 |
| 2.550(35.16) | 100 | 2.690(33.28) | 80 | 5.900(15.00) | 50 | Chlormanganokalite | K4MnCl6 |
| 2.550(35.16) | 100 | 1.630(56.40) | 70 | 1.500(61.80) | 60 | Manganochromite | (Mn,Fe++)(Cr,V)2O4 |
| 2.550(35.16) | 100 | 1.499(61.84) | 80 | 2.990(29.86) | 70 | Franklinite | (Zn,Mn++,Fe++)(Fe+++,Mn+++)2O4 |
| 2.550(35.16) | 100 | 4.520(19.62) | 100 | 2.610(34.33) | 100 | Beidellite | Na0.5Al2(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2•n(H2O) |
| 2.551(35.15) | 100 | 3.430(25.96) | 80 | 3.950(22.49) | 70 | Olenite | NaAl3Al6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(O,OH)4 |