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Minerals Arranged by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
See Help on X-Ray Diffraction.
Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials. This data is represented in a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the three most intense D values in the form of tables of interplanar spacings (D), relative intensities (I/Io), mineral name and chemical formulae
The XRD technique takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample in a holder, then the sample is illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length and the intensity of the reflected radiation is recorded using a goniometer. This data is then analyzed for the reflection angle to calculate the inter-atomic spacing (D value in Angstrom units - 10-8 cm). The intensity(I) is measured to discriminate (using I ratios) the various D spacings and the results are compared to this table to identify possible matches. Note: 2 theta (Θ) angle calculated from the Bragg Equation, 2 Θ = 2(arcsin(n λ/(2d)) where n=1;
For more information about this technique, see X-Ray Analysis of a Solid or take an internet course at Birkbeck College On-line Courses. Many thanks to Frederic Biret for these data.
|
Selected X-Ray λ |
Change X-Ray λ |
D1 Å |
D2 Å |
D3 Å |
Tolerance % |
Elements |
|---|
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| D1 Å (2θ) |
I1 %) |
D2 Å (2θ) |
I2 (%) |
D3 Å (2θ) |
I3 (%) |
Mineral | Formula |
| 9.900(8.92) | 100 | 2.664(33.61) | 80 | 3.126(28.53) | 60 | Ercitite | Na2(H2O)4[Mn+++2(OH)2(PO4)2] |
| 9.900(8.92) | 100 | 6.400(13.83) | 90 | 4.900(18.09) | 80 | Maghrebite | MgAl2(AsO4)2(OH)2•8H2O |
| 9.900(8.92) | 100 | 3.126(28.53) | 80 | 3.273(27.22) | 60 | Ercitite | Na2(H2O)4[Mn+++2(OH)2(PO4)2] |
| 9.910(8.92) | 100 | 3.280(27.16) | 90 | 4.950(17.90) | 80 | Laueite | Mn++Fe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•8(H2O) |
| 9.917(8.91) | 100 | 4.957(17.88) | 50 | 6.541(13.53) | 36 | Kastningite | (Mn++,Fe++,Mg)Al2(PO4 )2(OH)2•8(H2O) |
| 9.920(8.91) | 100 | 3.155(28.26) | 90 | 4.174(21.27) | 90 | Metavanuralite | Al(UO2)2(VO4)2(OH)•8(H2O) |
| 9.920(8.91) | 100 | 4.174(21.27) | 90 | 3.155(28.26) | 90 | Metavanuralite | Al(UO2)2(VO4)2(OH)•8(H2O) |
| 9.926(8.90) | 100 | 5.869(15.08) | 70 | 3.472(25.64) | 40 | Pseudolaueite | Mn++Fe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•7-8(H2O) |
| 9.960(8.87) | 100 | 4.420(20.07) | 40 | 6.370(13.89) | 40 | Matulaite | CaAl18(PO4)12(OH)20•28(H2O) |
| 9.960(8.87) | 100 | 6.370(13.89) | 40 | 4.420(20.07) | 40 | Matulaite | CaAl18(PO4)12(OH)20•28(H2O) |
| 9.970(8.86) | 40 | 3.410(26.11) | 40 | 2.520(35.60) | 40 | Montdorite | (K,Na)(Fe++,Mn++,Mg)2.5[Si4O10](F,OH)2 |
| 9.980(8.85) | 100 | 2.990(29.86) | 40 | 3.930(22.61) | 40 | Stewartite | Mn++Fe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•8(H2O) |
| 9.980(8.85) | 100 | 3.930(22.61) | 40 | 2.990(29.86) | 40 | Stewartite | Mn++Fe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•8(H2O) |
| 9.990(8.84) | 100 | 3.370(26.43) | 80 | 3.120(28.59) | 80 | Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3)O10F2 |
| 9.990(8.84) | 100 | 3.120(28.59) | 80 | 3.370(26.43) | 80 | Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3)O10F2 |
| 9.990(8.84) | 100 | 3.120(28.59) | 80 | 1.320(71.40) | 80 | Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3)O10F2 |
| 9.998(8.84) | 100 | 2.613(34.29) | 53 | 3.382(26.33) | 33 | Phlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10(F,OH)2 |
| 9.998(8.84) | 100 | 3.475(25.61) | 70 | 3.333(26.72) | 50 | Vochtenite | (Fe++,Mg)Fe+++[(UO2)(PO4)]4(OH)•12-13(H2O) |
| 10.000(8.84) | 100 | 4.540(19.54) | 80 | 3.350(26.59) | 80 | Roscoelite | K(V,Al,Mg)2AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| 10.000(8.84) | 100 | 6.640(13.32) | 80 | 4.670(18.99) | 80 | Kornelite | Fe+++2(SO4)3•7(H2O) |
| 10.000(8.84) | 100 | 3.115(28.63) | 80 | 5.390(16.43) | 50 | Hochelagaite | (Ca,Na,Sr)Nb4O11•8(H2O) |
| 10.000(8.84) | 100 | 12.300(7.18) | 100 | 9.300(9.50) | 80 | Sherwoodite | Ca9Al2V++++4V+++++24O80•56(H2O) |
| 10.000(8.84) | 100 | 4.670(18.99) | 80 | 6.640(13.32) | 80 | Kornelite | Fe+++2(SO4)3•7(H2O) |
| 10.000(8.84) | 100 | 4.360(20.35) | 70 | 3.350(26.59) | 40 | Halloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 |
| 10.000(8.84) | 100 | 3.350(26.59) | 80 | 4.540(19.54) | 80 | Roscoelite | K(V,Al,Mg)2AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| 10.010(8.83) | 100 | 3.329(26.76) | 80 | 3.160(28.22) | 70 | Norrishite | K(Mn+++2Li)Si4O10(O)2 |
| 10.049(8.79) | 100 | 2.718(32.93) | 50 | 8.823(10.02) | 50 | Varennesite | Na8Mn++2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2•12(H2O) |
| 10.049(8.79) | 100 | 8.823(10.02) | 50 | 2.718(32.93) | 50 | Varennesite | Na8Mn++2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2•12(H2O) |
| 10.050(8.79) | 100 | 7.010(12.62) | 70 | 4.980(17.80) | 70 | Whitmoreite | Fe++Fe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•4(H2O) |
| 10.050(8.79) | 100 | 4.980(17.80) | 70 | 7.010(12.62) | 70 | Whitmoreite | Fe++Fe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•4(H2O) |
| 10.050(8.79) | 100 | 8.450(10.46) | 40 | 4.630(19.15) | 20 | Hotsonite-VII | Al11(SO4)3(PO4)2(OH)21•16(H2O) |
| 10.050(8.79) | 100 | 8.450(10.46) | 40 | 4.630(19.15) | 20 | Hotsonite-VI | Al5(SO4)(PO4)(OH)10•8(H2O) |
| 10.060(8.78) | 100 | 3.084(28.93) | 95 | 3.125(28.54) | 86 | Phosphowalpurgite | (UO2)Bi4(PO4)O4•2(H2O) |
| 10.090(8.76) | 100 | 2.646(33.85) | 96 | 3.376(26.38) | 51 | Shirozulite | KMn3(AlSi3)O10(OH,F)2 |
| 10.090(8.76) | 100 | 3.336(26.70) | 56 | 5.020(17.65) | 13 | Fluorannite | KFe++3AlSi3O10F2 |
| 10.100(8.75) | 100 | 4.210(21.08) | 100 | 2.010(45.07) | 60 | Carbonatecyanotrichite | Cu++4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12•2(H2O) |
| 10.100(8.75) | 100 | 2.590(34.60) | 100 | 4.530(19.58) | 80 | Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe+++,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
| 10.100(8.75) | 100 | 3.370(26.43) | 100 | 2.660(33.67) | 80 | Biotite | K(Mg,Fe++)3[AlSi3O10(OH,F)2 |
| 10.100(8.75) | 100 | 3.260(27.33) | 80 | 3.930(22.61) | 60 | Wickenburgite | Pb3CaAl2Si10O27•4(H2O) |
| 10.120(8.73) | 100 | 3.390(26.27) | 91 | 4.050(21.93) | 78 | Balipholite | BaMg2LiAl3Si4O12(OH,F)8 |
| 10.130(8.72) | 100 | 2.960(30.17) | 100 | 2.900(30.81) | 100 | Rudenkoite | Sr3Al3[(Si,Al)4O10](OH,O)8Cl2•H2O |
| 10.130(8.72) | 100 | 3.414(26.08) | 100 | 3.198(27.87) | 80 | Sidpietersite | Pb++4(S++++++O3S--)O2(OH)2 |
| 10.150(8.70) | 100 | 3.580(24.85) | 90 | 5.060(17.51) | 80 | Novacekite | Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2•12(H2O) |
| 10.159(8.70) | 100 | 1.696(54.02) | 50 | 3.684(24.14) | 50 | Tetraferriannite | K(Fe++,Mg)3(Fe+++,Al)Si3O10(OH)2 |
| 10.159(8.70) | 100 | 3.684(24.14) | 50 | 1.696(54.02) | 50 | Tetraferriannite | K(Fe++,Mg)3(Fe+++,Al)Si3O10(OH)2 |
| 10.159(8.70) | 100 | 3.684(24.14) | 50 | 3.379(26.35) | 50 | Tetraferriannite | K(Fe++,Mg)3(Fe+++,Al)Si3O10(OH)2 |
| 10.160(8.70) | 100 | 3.560(24.99) | 90 | 3.390(26.27) | 80 | Uranospinite | Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2•10(H2O) |
| 10.163(8.69) | 100 | 2.979(29.97) | 90 | 3.440(25.88) | 80 | Chudobaite | (Mg,Zn)5(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2•10(H2O) |
| 10.180(8.68) | 100 | 5.020(17.65) | 90 | 3.200(27.86) | 50 | Tyuyamunite | Ca(UO2)2V2O8•5-8(H2O) |
| 10.185(8.67) | 100 | 3.395(26.23) | 37 | 2.668(33.56) | 16 | Veselovskyite | (Zn,Cu,Co)Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2•9H2O |
| 10.200(8.66) | 100 | 4.495(19.73) | 100 | 3.333(26.72) | 100 | Ashburtonite | HPb4Cu++4Si4O12(HCO3)4(OH)4Cl |
| 10.200(8.66) | 100 | 3.367(26.45) | 100 | 2.644(33.88) | 80 | Siderophyllite | KFe++2Al(Al2Si2)O10(F,OH)2 |
| 10.200(8.66) | 100 | 5.090(17.41) | 70 | 5.800(15.26) | 50 | Althupite | ThAl(UO2)7(PO4)4(OH)5•15(H2O) |
| 10.200(8.66) | 100 | 2.443(36.76) | 55 | 3.692(24.08) | 40 | Sveite | KAl7(NO3)4Cl2(OH)16•8(H2O) |
| 10.200(8.66) | 100 | 3.010(29.65) | 80 | 3.380(26.35) | 60 | Sideronatrite | Na2Fe+++(SO4)2(OH)•3(H2O) |
| 10.200(8.66) | 100 | 3.398(26.20) | 60 | 5.094(17.39) | 36 | Hendricksite | K(Zn,Mg,Mn)3Si3AlO10(OH)2 |
| 10.200(8.66) | 100 | 3.880(22.90) | 90 | 5.260(16.84) | 80 | Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12•2(H2O) |
| 10.200(8.66) | 100 | 5.580(15.87) | 80 | 3.890(22.84) | 65 | Voggite | Na2Zr(PO4)(CO3)(OH)•2(H2O) |
| 10.200(8.66) | 100 | 8.620(10.25) | 80 | 4.310(20.59) | 50 | Furongite | Al2(UO2)(PO4)3(OH)2•8(H2O) |
| 10.200(8.66) | 100 | 8.020(11.02) | 70 | 3.668(24.24) | 60 | Lindackerite | CuCu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2•~9(H2O) |
| 10.210(8.65) | 100 | 5.100(17.37) | 90 | 3.400(26.19) | 90 | Orthoserpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6•3(H2O) |
| 10.210(8.65) | 100 | 3.400(26.19) | 90 | 5.100(17.37) | 90 | Orthoserpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6•3(H2O) |
| 10.220(8.64) | 100 | 5.090(17.41) | 90 | 3.386(26.30) | 90 | Serpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6•3(H2O) |
| 10.220(8.64) | 100 | 2.892(30.89) | 50 | 3.395(26.23) | 40 | Vantasselite | Al4(PO4)3(OH)3•9(H2O) |
| 10.220(8.64) | 100 | 3.386(26.30) | 90 | 5.090(17.41) | 90 | Serpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6•3(H2O) |
| 10.220(8.64) | 100 | 5.099(17.38) | 95 | 3.392(26.25) | 65 | Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6•3(H2O) |
| 10.220(8.64) | 100 | 7.036(12.57) | 80 | 4.250(20.88) | 50 | Bendadaite | Fe++Fe+++2(AsO4)2(OH)2•4H2O |
| 10.230(8.64) | 100 | 2.917(30.62) | 60 | 3.411(26.10) | 25 | Oyelite | Ca10B2Si8O29•12(H2O) |
| 10.240(8.63) | 100 | 3.408(26.13) | 60 | 2.566(34.94) | 45 | Tobelite | (NH4,K)Al2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 |
| 10.280(8.59) | 100 | 2.940(30.38) | 40 | 5.890(15.03) | 34 | Holtite | Al6(Al,Ta)(BO3)[(SiO4,SbO4,AsO4)]3(O,OH)3 |
| 10.290(8.59) | 100 | 2.865(31.19) | 35 | 3.456(25.76) | 35 | Darapskite | Na3(SO4)(NO3)•(H2O) |
| 10.290(8.59) | 100 | 3.456(25.76) | 35 | 2.865(31.19) | 35 | Darapskite | Na3(SO4)(NO3)•(H2O) |
| 10.300(8.58) | 100 | 4.940(17.94) | 90 | 3.580(24.85) | 90 | Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2•8-12(H2O) |
| 10.300(8.58) | 100 | 3.580(24.85) | 90 | 4.940(17.94) | 90 | Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2•8-12(H2O) |
| 10.300(8.58) | 100 | 3.590(24.78) | 100 | 5.200(17.04) | 70 | Zeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2•10-16(H2O) |
| 10.300(8.58) | 100 | 2.912(30.68) | 90 | 7.500(11.79) | 80 | Vashegyite | Al11(PO4)9(OH)6•38(H2O) or Al6(PO4)5(OH)3•23(H2O) |
| 10.300(8.58) | 100 | 3.380(26.35) | 80 | 2.650(33.80) | 70 | Annite | KFe++3AlSi3O10(OH,F)2 |
| 10.300(8.58) | 100 | 7.960(11.11) | 90 | 2.870(31.14) | 80 | Kivuite | (Th,Ca,Pb)H2(UO2)4(PO4)2(OH)8•7(H2O) |
| 10.300(8.58) | 100 | 4.960(17.87) | 80 | 3.590(24.78) | 70 | Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2•10-12(H2O) |
| 10.300(8.58) | 100 | 2.870(31.14) | 90 | 3.080(28.97) | 80 | Kivuite | (Th,Ca,Pb)H2(UO2)4(PO4)2(OH)8•7(H2O) |
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